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INTRA- AND INTER-CROWN DISTRIBUTION OF THE EASTERN SPRUCE GALL ADELGID, ADELGES ABIETIS (L.), ON YOUNG WHITE SPRUCE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

J.G. Fidgen ,
C.R. Teerling  and
M.L. McKinnon
J.G. Fidgen
Affiliation:
Population Ecology Group, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 6C2
C.R. Teerling
Affiliation:
Population Ecology Group, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 6C2
M.L. McKinnon
Affiliation:
Population Ecology Group, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 6C2
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Abstract

Intra- and inter-crown distribution of eastern spruce gall adelgid, Adelges abietis (L.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae), on young white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss., was studied at three sites in New Brunswick, Canada. Within a branch, the majority of galls were found on lateral shoots. Similar distributions of galls within trees were observed regardless of whether 20 or 30 lateral shoots or all shoots on a branch were sampled. Gall densities were highest on mid-crown branches of open-grown trees 1–4 m tall and were not influenced by cardinal direction. After crown closure, most galls were found in the upper crown, above the point of branch overlap. In all circumstances, gall distributions were strongly clumped within trees. Inter-tree distribution of A. abietis galls differed significantly from a Poisson but not a negative binomial distribution, indicating a high degree of aggregation among trees. Therefore, a stratified random sampling plan using 20 lateral shoots of a mid-crown branch as a sampling unit would be adequate for monitoring A. abietis populations. If the mid-crown branches are undergoing crown closure, we suggest sampling in the lowest open-grown branch above the point of crown overlap.

Résumé

La répartition des Pucerons à galle conique de l’épinette, Adelges abietis (L.) (Homoptera : Adelgidae), a été étudiée dans les branches d’une cime et dans plusieurs cimes de jeunes Épinettes blanches, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss., au Nouveau-Brunswick, Canada. Sur une branche, la majorité des galles sont trouvées sur les rameaux latéraux. La répartition des galles dans un arbre est la même dans toutes les conditions d’échantillonnage suivantes, soit à l’examen de 20 rameaux latéraux, de 30 rameaux latéraux ou de tous les rameaux. La densité des galles est maximale sur les branches situées au milieu de la cime d’arbres, dégagés, de 1 à 4 m hauteur, et elle n’est pas influencée par l’orientation géographique. Quand les arbres forment une couverture complète, la plupart des galles occupent la partie haute de la cime, au-dessus du point de chevauchement avec les branches des arbres voisins. Dans tous les cas, la répartition des galles est fortement contagieuse dans un arbre. Sur plusieurs arbres, la répartition des galles d’A. abietis diffère significativement d’une distribution de Poisson, mais ne diffère pas d’une distribution binominiale négative, ce qui indique un fort degré de contagion. En conséquence, un plan d’échantillonnage stratifié au hasard de 20 rameaux latéraux d’une branche située au milieu de la cime permettrait d’obtenir une unité d’échantillonnage bien représentative des populations d’A. abietis. Lorsque les branches du milieu de la cime forment une couverture complète dans la forêt, il vaut mieux échantillonner les branches dégagées les plus basses au-dessus du point de chevauchement avec les branches des arbres voisins.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 126 , Issue 5 , October 1994 , pp. 1105 - 1110
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1994

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