Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T11:35:27.901Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

INTRA- AND INTER-CROWN DISTRIBUTION OF THE EASTERN SPRUCE GALL ADELGID, ADELGES ABIETIS (L.), ON YOUNG WHITE SPRUCE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

J.G. Fidgen ,
C.R. Teerling  and
M.L. McKinnon
J.G. Fidgen
Affiliation:
Population Ecology Group, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 6C2
C.R. Teerling
Affiliation:
Population Ecology Group, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 6C2
M.L. McKinnon
Affiliation:
Population Ecology Group, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 6C2
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Intra- and inter-crown distribution of eastern spruce gall adelgid, Adelges abietis (L.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae), on young white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss., was studied at three sites in New Brunswick, Canada. Within a branch, the majority of galls were found on lateral shoots. Similar distributions of galls within trees were observed regardless of whether 20 or 30 lateral shoots or all shoots on a branch were sampled. Gall densities were highest on mid-crown branches of open-grown trees 1–4 m tall and were not influenced by cardinal direction. After crown closure, most galls were found in the upper crown, above the point of branch overlap. In all circumstances, gall distributions were strongly clumped within trees. Inter-tree distribution of A. abietis galls differed significantly from a Poisson but not a negative binomial distribution, indicating a high degree of aggregation among trees. Therefore, a stratified random sampling plan using 20 lateral shoots of a mid-crown branch as a sampling unit would be adequate for monitoring A. abietis populations. If the mid-crown branches are undergoing crown closure, we suggest sampling in the lowest open-grown branch above the point of crown overlap.

Résumé

La répartition des Pucerons à galle conique de l’épinette, Adelges abietis (L.) (Homoptera : Adelgidae), a été étudiée dans les branches d’une cime et dans plusieurs cimes de jeunes Épinettes blanches, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss., au Nouveau-Brunswick, Canada. Sur une branche, la majorité des galles sont trouvées sur les rameaux latéraux. La répartition des galles dans un arbre est la même dans toutes les conditions d’échantillonnage suivantes, soit à l’examen de 20 rameaux latéraux, de 30 rameaux latéraux ou de tous les rameaux. La densité des galles est maximale sur les branches situées au milieu de la cime d’arbres, dégagés, de 1 à 4 m hauteur, et elle n’est pas influencée par l’orientation géographique. Quand les arbres forment une couverture complète, la plupart des galles occupent la partie haute de la cime, au-dessus du point de chevauchement avec les branches des arbres voisins. Dans tous les cas, la répartition des galles est fortement contagieuse dans un arbre. Sur plusieurs arbres, la répartition des galles d’A. abietis diffère significativement d’une distribution de Poisson, mais ne diffère pas d’une distribution binominiale négative, ce qui indique un fort degré de contagion. En conséquence, un plan d’échantillonnage stratifié au hasard de 20 rameaux latéraux d’une branche située au milieu de la cime permettrait d’obtenir une unité d’échantillonnage bien représentative des populations d’A. abietis. Lorsque les branches du milieu de la cime forment une couverture complète dans la forêt, il vaut mieux échantillonner les branches dégagées les plus basses au-dessus du point de chevauchement avec les branches des arbres voisins.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 126 , Issue 5 , October 1994 , pp. 1105 - 1110
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bliss, C.I., and Fisher, R.A.. 1953. Fitting the negative binomial distribution to biological data. Biometrics 9: 176–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butcher, J.W., and Haynes, D.L.. 1960. Chemical control of the eastern spruce gall aphid with observations on host preference and population increase. Journal of Economic Entomology 53: 979–982.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, A.L., and Quiring, D.T.. 1993. Influence of feeding by Zeiraphera canadensis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on growth of white spruce: Larval density-damage and damage-shoot production relationships. Journal of Applied Ecology 30: 629–639.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fay, P.A., and Whitham, T.G.. 1990. Within-plant distribution of a galling adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae): The consequences of conflicting survivorship, growth, and reproduction. Ecological Entomology 15: 245–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friend, R.B., and Wilford, B.H.. 1933. The spruce gall aphid as a forest pest. Journal of Forestry 31: 816–825.Google Scholar
Häggman, H., and Rousi, M.. 1986. Interaction between the aphid Adelges lapponicus Chol. (Hom., Adelgidae) and some spruce (Picea) species in northern Finland. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 135: 1–12.Google Scholar
Hurlbert, S.H. 1990. Spatial distribution of the montane unicorn. Oikos 58: 257–271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerr, T.W. 1973. Carbofuran for control of eastern spruce gall aphid. Journal of Economic Entomology 66: 791.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lasota, J.A., Waldvogel, M.G., and Shetlar, D.J.. 1983. Fungus found in galls of Adelges abietis (L.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae): Identification, within tree distribution, and possible impact on insect survival. Environmental Entomology 12: 245–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nielsen, D.G., and Balderston, C.P.. 1977. Control of eastern spruce and cooley spruce gall aphids with soil-applied systemic insecticides. Journal of Economic Entomology 70: 205–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quiring, D.T. 1993. Influence of intra-tree variation in time of budburst of white spruce on herbivory and the behaviour and survivorship of Zeiraphera canadensis. Ecological Entomology 18: 353–364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rohfritsch, O. 1988. A resistance response of Picea excelsa to the aphid, Adelges abietis (Homoptera: Aphidoidea). pp. 253–266in Mechanisms of Woody Plant Defenses Aginst Insects: Search for Pattern. First International Symposium, Orleans, France Aug. 26–29, 1986. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS Institute Inc. 1982. SAS Users Guide: Statistics. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC. 584 pp.Google Scholar
Southwood, T.R.E. 1966. Ecological Methods: With Particular Reference to the Study of Insect Populations. Methuen & Company Ltd., London, England. 391 pp.Google Scholar
Tjia, B., and Houston, D.B.. 1975. Phenolic constituents of Norway spruce resistant or susceptible to the eastern spruce gall aphid. Forest Science 21: 180–184.Google Scholar
Wilson, B.F. 1984. The Growing Tree. University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, MA. 134 pp.Google Scholar
Zar, J.H. 1984. Biostatistical Analysis, 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 718 pp.Google Scholar