Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T03:21:39.388Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Interactions between the fungal symbiont of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) and two bark beetle-vectored fungi

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 January 2012

Kathleen Ryan ,
Jean-Marc Moncalvo ,
Peter de Groot  and
Sandy M. Smith
Kathleen Ryan*
Affiliation:
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B3
Jean-Marc Moncalvo
Affiliation:
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2C6
Peter de Groot
Affiliation:
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B3, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 2E5
Sandy M. Smith
Affiliation:
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B3, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 2E5
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The woodwasp Sirex noctilio F. is invading North American forests, where it will interact with a large guild of pine-inhabiting beetles and their associated fungi. The woodwasp's obligate fungal symbiont, Amylostereum areolatum (Fries) Boidin (Stereaceae), plays an essential role in the wasp's larval development but is expected to be a poor competitor in the presence of fungi vectored by co-occurring insects. We examined the outcomes of competitive interactions between A. areolatum and two fungal species vectored by bark beetles, Leptographium wingfieldii Morelet (Ophiostomataceae) and Ophiostoma minus (Hedgcock) H. and P. Sydow (Ophiostomataceae), and the effect of temperature and substrate on these interactions. Beetle-associated fungi were usually able to capture more uncolonized resource than A. areolatum regardless of substrate or temperature. Amylostereum areolatum was able to colonize relatively more space in some cases but could not gain substrate already colonized by the ophiostomatoid competitor. These findings suggest that competitive interactions between beetle-vectored fungal species and A. areolatum could influence the reproductive fitness and distribution of S. noctilio within individual trees and also across a wide geographic area.

Résumé

Le sirex européen du pin, Sirex noctilio F., est en train d'envahir les forêts d'Amérique du Nord où il va entrer en contact avec une importante guilde de coléoptères vivant sur les pins et avec leurs champignons associés. Le champignon symbiotique obligé du sirex, Amylostereum areolatum (Fries) Boidin (Stereaceae), joue un rôle essentiel dans le développement larvaire de la guêpe, mais risque d'être un mauvais compétiteur en présence des champignons portés par les insectes en cohabitation. Nous examinons les résultats d'interactions de compétition entre A. areolatum et deux champignons transmis par les scolytes de l'écorce, Leptographium wingfieldii Morelet (Ophiostomataceae) et Ophiostoma minus (Hedgcock) H. et P. Sydow (Ophiostomataceae), ainsi que les effets de la température et du substrat sur ces interactions. Les champignons associés aux scolytes sont généralement capables d'envahir une plus grande partie de la ressource non colonisée qu'A. areolatum, quels que soient la température et le substrat. Dans certains cas, A. areolatum peut occuper plus d'espace, mais il ne réussit pas à conquérir les substrats déjà colonisés par le compétiteur ophiostomatoïdé. Ces résultats indiquent que les interactions de compétition entre les espèces de champignons véhiculées par les scolytes et A. areolatum pourraient affecter la fitness reproductive et la répartition de S. noctilio, aussi bien au niveau des arbres individuels que sur de grandes aires géographiques.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Behavior & Ecology
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 143 , Issue 3 , June 2011 , pp. 224 - 235
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bedding, R.A. 1993. Biological control of Sirex noctilio using the nematode Deladenus siricidicola. In Nematodes and the biological control of insect pests. Edited by Bedding, R.Akhurst, R.Kaya, H.. CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia.Google Scholar
Ben, Jamaa M.L.Lieutier, F.Yart, A.Jerraya, A.Khouja, M.L. 2007. The virulence of phytopathogenic fungi associated with the bark beetles Tomicus piniperda and Orthotomicus erosus in Tunisia. Forest Pathology, 37: 51–63.Google Scholar
Boros, C.B. 1968. The relationship between the woodwasp, Sirex noctilio F. and the wood-rot fungus Amylostereum sp. M. Ag. Sc. thesis, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.Google Scholar
Canadian Food Inspection Agency. 2010. Summary of plant quarantine pest and disease situations in Canada 2006–2008 Sirex wasp [online]. Available from http:www.inspection.gc.ca/english/plaveg/pestrava/surv/obje.shtml [accessed 17 June 2010].Google Scholar
Coutts, M.P. 1965. Sirex noctilio and the physiology of Pinus radiate: some studies of interactions between the insect, the fungus, and the tree in Tasmania. Forestry and Timber Bureau, Australia, Bulletin No. 41.Google Scholar
Coutts, M.P.Dolezal, J.E. 1965. Sirex noctilio, its associated fungus and some aspects of wood moisture content. Australian Forest Research, 1: 3–13.Google Scholar
Coutts, M.P.Dolezal, J.E. 1969. Emplacement of fungal spores by the woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, during oviposition. Forest Science, 15: 412–416.Google Scholar
de Groot, P.Nystrom, K.Scarr, T. 2006. Discovery of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in Ontario, Canada. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 39: 49–53.Google Scholar
Fong, L.K.Crowden, R.K. 1973. Physiological effects of mucus from the wood wasp, Sirex noctilio F., on the foliage of Pinus radiata D. Don. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences, 29: 365–378.Google Scholar
Hanson, H.S. 1939. Ecological notes on the sirex woodwasps and their parasites. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 30: 27–65. doi:10.1017/S0007485300004399Google Scholar
Hausner, G.Iranpour, M.Kim, J.J.Breuil, C.Davis, C.N.Gibb, E.A. et al. 2005. Fungi vectored by the introduced bark beetle Tomicus piniperda in Ontario, Canada, and comments on the taxonomy of Leptographium lundbergii, Leptographium terebrantis, Leptographium truncatum, and Leptographium wingfieldii. Canadian Journal of Botany, 83: 1222–1237. doi:10.1139/b05-095.Google Scholar
Hironori, T.Toshiyuki, K.Hayato, M.Shuichi, D. 2003. Effects of temperature, water activity and oxygen concentration of extension of blue-stain caused by Leptographium wingfieldii in Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) wood. Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society, 49: 446–451.Google Scholar
Hoebeke, E.R.Haugen, D.A.Haack, R.A. 2005. Sirex noctilio: discovery of a palearctic siricid woodwasp in New York. Newsletter of the Michigan Entomological Society, 50: 24–25.Google Scholar
Jacobs, K.Bergdahl, D.R.Wingfield, M.J.Halik, S.Seifert, K.A.Bright, D.E.Wingfield, B.D. 2004. Leptographium wingfieldii introduced into North America and found associated with exotic Tomicus piniperda and native bark beetles. Mycological Research, 108: 411–418. doi:10.1017/S0953756204009748Google Scholar
Jamieson, J.P. 1957. Some observations on the relation of the internal temperature of P. radiata to infestation by Sirex. New Zealand Journal of Forestry, 7: 32–34.Google Scholar
King, J.M. 1966. Some aspects of the biology of the fungal symbiont of Sirex noctilio (F.). Australian Journal of Botany, 14: 25–30. doi:10.1071/BT9660025.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirisits, T. 2004. Fungal associates of European bark beetles with special emphasis on the ophiostomatoid fungi. In Bark and wood boring insects in living trees in Europe, a synthesis. Edited by Lieutier, F.Day, K.R.Battisti, A.Grégoire, J.-C.Evans, H.F.. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordecht, The Netherlands. pp. 181–235.Google Scholar
Klepzig, K.D. 1998. Competition between a biological control fungus, Ophiostoma piliferum, and symbionts of the southern pine beetle. Mycologia, 90: 69–75. doi:10.2307/3761013.Google Scholar
Lieutier, F.Yart, A.Ye, H.Sauvard, D.Gallois, V. 2004. Variations in growth and virulence of Leptographium wingfieldii Morelet, a fungus associated with the bark beetle Tomicus piniperda L. Annals of Forest Science, 61: 45–53. doi:10.1051/forest:2003083.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Long, S.J.Williams, D.W.Hajek, A.E. 2009. Sirex species (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) and their parasitoids in Pinus sylvestris in eastern North America. The Canadian Entomologist, 141: 153–157. doi:10.4039/n08-068.Google Scholar
Madden, J.L. 1974. Oviposition behaviour of the woodwasp, Sirex noctilio F. Australian Journal of Zoology, 22: 341–351. doi:10.1071/ZO9740341CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madden, J.L. 1981. Egg and larval development in the woodwasp, Sirex noctilio F. Australian Journal of Zoology, 29: 493–506. doi:10.1071/ZO9810493CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madden, J.L.Coutts, M.P. 1979. The role of fungi in the biology and ecology of wood wasps (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). In Insect, fungus symbiosis. Edited by Batra, L.R.. Allanheld, Osmun and Company, Montclair, New Jersey. pp.165–174.Google Scholar
Microsoft Excel. 2003. Part of Microsoft Office Professional Edition [computer program]. Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington.Google Scholar
Morgan, F.D.Stewart, N.C. 1966. The biology and behaviour of the woodwasp Sirex noctilio (F.) in New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 7: 195–204.Google Scholar
Morgan, R.E.de Groot, P.Smith, S.M. 2004. Susceptibility of pine plantations to attack by the pine shoot beetle (Tomicus piniperda) in southern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 34: 2528–2540. doi:10.1139/x04-135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neumann, F.G.Minko, G. 1981. The sirex wood wasp in Australian radiata pine plantations. Australian Forestry, 44: 46–63.Google Scholar
Neumann, F.G.Harris, J.A.Kassaby, F.Y.Minko, G. 1982. An improved technique for early detection and control of the sirex wood wasp in radiata pine plantations. Australian Forestry, 45: 117–124.Google Scholar
Rayner, A.D.M.Webber, J.F. 1984. Interspecific mycelial interactions – an overview. In The ecology and physiology of the fungal mycelium. Edited by Jennings, D.H.Rayner, A.D.M.. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom. pp. 383–417.Google Scholar
Rice, A.V.Thormann, M.N.Langor, D.W. 2007. Mountain pine beetle-associated blue-stain fungi are differentially adapted to boreal temperatures. Forest Pathology, 38: 113–123.Google Scholar
Ryall, K.L.Smith, S.M. 2000. Brood production and shoot feeding by Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 132: 939–949. doi:10.4039/Ent132939-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solheim, H.Långström, B. 1991. Blue-stain fungi associated with Tomicus piniperda in Sweden and preliminary observations on their pathogenicity. Annales de Sciences Forestieres, 48: 149–156. doi:10.1051/forest:19910203.Google Scholar
Solheim, H.Krokene, P.Långström, B. 2001. Effects of growth and virulence of associated blue-stain fungi on host colonization behaviour of the pine shoot beetles Tomicus minor and T. piniperda. Plant Pathology, 50: 111–116. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00541.x.Google Scholar
Spradbery, J.P.Kirk, A.A. 1978. Aspects of the ecology of siricid woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in Europe, North Africa and Turkey with special reference to the biological control of Sirex noctilio F. in Australia. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 68: 341–359. doi:10.1017/S0007485300009330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stockfors, J. 2000. Temperature variations and distribution of living cells within tree stems: implications for stem respiration modeling and scale-up. Tree Physiology, 20: 1057–1062.Google Scholar
Systat Software Inc. 2007. SYSTAT. Version 12.0 [computer program]. Systat Software Inc., Chicago, Illinois.Google Scholar
Talbot, P.H.B. 1977. The Sirex, Amylostereum, Pinus association. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 15: 41–54. doi:10.1146/annurev.py.15.090177.000353.Google Scholar
Titze, J.F.Stahl, W. 1970. Inoculations of Pinus radiata trees with Amylostereum areolatum, the symbiotic fungus of Sirex noctilio. Australian Forestry Research, 4: 3–14.Google Scholar
Titze, J.F.Turnbull, C.R.A. 1970. The effect of club gland secretions of Sirex noctilio on the growth of the symbiotic fungus Amylostereum areolatum. Australian Forest Research, 4: 27–29.Google Scholar
Uzunović, A.Webber, J.F. 1998. Comparison of bluestain fungi grown in vitro and in freshly cut pine billets. European Journal of Forest Pathology, 28: 323–334. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1998.tb01187.x.Google Scholar