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Incidence of the pitch canker pathogen and associated insects in intact and chipped Monterey pine branches

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

William R. McNee ,
David L. Wood ,
Andrew J. Storer  and
Thomas R. Gordon
William R. McNee*
Affiliation:
Division of Insect Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States 94720
David L. Wood
Affiliation:
Division of Insect Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States 94720
Andrew J. Storer
Affiliation:
Division of Insect Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States 94720
Thomas R. Gordon
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, United States 95616
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]).
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Abstract

In a 2-year study of Monterey pine, Pinus radiata D. Don (Pinaceae), infected with pitch canker, caused by Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg and O'Donnell, less than 2% of symptomatic branches with green foliage were colonized by twig beetles in the genus Pityophthorus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), whereas approximately 50% of branches with yellow and red foliage were colonized. More Pityophthorus spp. emerged from yellow branches (mean ± SE = 12.1 ± 1.7 per 30 cm) than from red branches (6.9 ± 0.9) at an inland study site (Oakland) but, at a coastal site (Pebble Beach), the means were not significantly different (4.3 ± 0.6 and 3.8 ± 0.7). The mean phoresy rate of all emerging insects was higher at Pebble Beach (17.7 ± 0.6%) than at Oakland (5.3 ± 0.2%). At both sites, there was considerable temporal variation in the proportion of branches colonized by twig beetles, mean numbers of emerging twig beetles, and phoresy rates of emerging insects. Chipping branches reduced the emergence of Pityophthorus spp. and associates by approximately 95%, compared with emergence from intact branches. The pathogen was isolated from 1-year-old branches and chips in up to 68% of samples, but was only recovered from 3-year-old branches in 1 of 46 sampled. It is recommended that recent branch cuttings and chips originating from symptomatic trees not be transported to areas that are believed to be free of the disease.

Résumé

Au cours d'une étude de 2 ans sur des pins de Monterey, Pinus radiata D. Don (Pinaceae), porteurs du chancre fusarien causé par Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg and O'Donnell, moins de 2% des branches à feuillage vert porteuses de symptômes étaient colonisées par des scolytes des rameaux appartenant au genre Pityophthorus Eichhoff (Coleoptera : Scolytidae), alors qu'environ 50% des branches à feuillage jaune ou rouge étaient infestées. Un plus grand nombre de Pityophtorus spp. ont émergé des branches jaunes (moyenne ± écart type = 12,1 ± 1,7 par 30 cm) que des branches rouges (6,9 ± 0,9) au cours d'une étude à un site à l'intérieur des terres (Oakland), mais à un site le long de la côte (Pebble Beach) les moyennes ne différaient pas significativement (4,3 ± 0,6 et 3,8 ± 0,7). Le taux moyen de phorésie de tous les insectes à l'émergence était plus élevé à Pebble Beach (17,7 ± 0,6%) qu'à Oakland (5,3 ± 0,2%). Aux deux sites, il y avait une variation temporelle considérable de la proportion de branches colonisées par les scolytes des rameaux, du nombre moyen de scolytes à l'émergence et des taux de phorésie chez les insectes émergés. La taille des branches en copeaux réduisait d'environ 95% l'émergence des Pityophthorus spp. et autres espèces associées comparativement à l'émergence dans les branches intactes. L'agent pathogène a pu être isolé à partir de branches et de copeaux de bois de 1 an dans 68% des échantillons, mais n'a été trouvé dans les branches de 3 ans que dansl échantillon sur 46. Nous recommandons d'éviter le transport de branches coupées et de copeaux provenant d'arbres porteurs de symptômes dans les zones d'où la maladie semble absente.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 134 , Issue 1 , February 2002 , pp. 47 - 58
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2002

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