Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T03:51:35.807Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Incidence of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) in Nova Scotia, Canada Christmas tree (Pinaceae) plantations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2019

Suzanne Blatt ,
Charlane Bishop  and
Karen Burgher-MacLellan
Suzanne Blatt*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 32 Main Street, Kentville, Nova Scotia, B4N 1J5, Canada
Charlane Bishop
Affiliation:
Bishop Naturalists, 452 Nolan Mt. Road, Gaspereau, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R1, Canada
Karen Burgher-MacLellan
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 32 Main Street, Kentville, Nova Scotia, B4N 1J5, Canada
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The occurrence of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) (Nematoda: Aphelenchida: Parasitaphelenchidae) (pinewood nematode) in Canada prevents export of wood products, including Christmas trees (Pinaceae), to Europe. A nationwide survey in 1992 extracted B. xylophilus from mature, dead, or dying balsam fir (Abies balsamea (Linnaeus) Miller; Pinaceae), but not young, healthy Christmas trees. Three species known to harbour B. xylophilus are found in Nova Scotia, but incidence of B. xylophilus within these species is unknown. Monochamus Dejean (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) species were collected from nine and 20 sites, in 2014 and 2015, respectively, using panel traps baited with a Monochamus lure and evaluated for the presence of pinewood nematode using molecular methods after DNA isolation. Beetles were processed for DNA isolation individually in 2014 and in batches (same species and sex from same collection site and date) in 2015. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was recovered from all three Monochamus species (M. marmorator Kirby, M. notatus (Drury), and M. scutellatus (Say)) captured in Nova Scotia Christmas tree plantations. Percentage of beetles harbouring B. xylophilus varied with species and sex. Fourteen beetle samples were selected and sent for polymerase chain reaction sequencing. Sequencing results indicated that Bursaphelenchus xylophilus found in Nova Scotia are most similar to isolates from Canada (New Brunswick and Québec), the United States of America, and China.

Type
Insect Management
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 151 , Issue 3 , June 2019 , pp. 350 - 364
Creative Commons
Parts of this are a work of Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada.
Copyright
© Entomological Society of Canada 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Subject editor: Deepa Pureswaran

References

Abelleira, A., Picoaga, A., Mansilla, J.P., and Aguin, O. 2011. Detection of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causal agent of pine wilt disease on Pinus pinaster in northwestern Spain. Plant Disease, 95: 776.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Akbulut, S. and Stamps, W.T. 2012. Insect vectors of the pinewood nematode: a review of the biology and ecology of Monochamus species. Forest Pathology, 42: 89–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allison, J.D., Borden, J.H., McIntosh, R.I., de Groot, P., and Gries, R. 2001. Kairomonal response by four Monochamus species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) to bark beetle pheromones. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 27: 644–646.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blatt, S.E., Bishop, C., and Sweeney, J. 2017. Incidence of Monochamus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) species in Nova Scotia Christmas tree plantations and comparison of panel traps and lures from North America and Europe. The Canadian Entomologist, 149: 191–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowers, W.W., Hudayk, J., and Raske, A.G. 1992. Host and vector surveys for the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) in Canada. Forestry Canada, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.Google Scholar
Braasch, H., Burgermeister, W., and Pastrik, K.H.I. 1995. Differentiation of three Bursaphelenchus species by means of RAPD-PCR. Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Planzenschutzdienstes, 47: 310–314.Google Scholar
Burgermeister, W., Metge, K., Braasch, H., and Buchbach, E. 2005. ITS-RFLP patterns for differentiation of 26 Bursaphelenchus species (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) and observations on their distribution. Russian Journal of Nematology, 13: 29–42.Google Scholar
Cardoso, J.M.S., Fonseca, L., and Abrantes, I. 2012. Direct molecular detection of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, from pine wood, bark and insect vector. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 133: 419–425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dwinell, L.D. 1997. The pinewood nematode: regulation and mitigation. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 35: 153–166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dyer, L.J. and Seabrook, W.D. 1978. Some aspects of oviposition site selection in Monochamus notatus and M. scutellatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 4: 199–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Filipiak, A. and Hasiow-Jaroszewska, B. 2016. The use of real-time polymerase chain reaction with high resolution melting (real-time PCR-HRM) analysis for the detection and discrimination of nematodes Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Bursaphelenchus mucronatus. Molecular and Cellular Probes, 30: 113–117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forge, T.A. and Sutherland, J.R. 1996. Population dynamics of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in excised branch segments of western North American conifers. Fundamentals of Applied Nematology, 19: 349–356.Google Scholar
Futai, K. 2013. Pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 51: 61–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Graham, E.E., Mitchell, R.F., Reagel, P.F., Barbour, J.D., Millar, J.G., and Hanks, L.M. 2010. Treating panel traps with a fluoropolymer enhances their efficiency in capturing cerambycid beetles. Journal of Economic Entomology, 103: 641–647.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Husband, M. 2014. Statistical overview of the Canadian ornamental industry. Market Analysis and Information Section, Horticulture and Cross-Sectoral Division, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.Google Scholar
International Plant Protection Convention. 2016. Diagnostic protocol 10: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. International Stand for Phytosanitary Measures 27, Annex 10. Available from www.ippc.int/static/media/files/publication/en/2017/07/DP_10_2016_En_2017-07-12.pdf [accessed 22 December 2018].Google Scholar
Katsuyama, N, Sakurai, K., Tabata, K., and Takeda, S. 1989. Effect of age of post-feeding twig on the ovarian development of Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus. Research Bulletin and Factsheet of Agriculture of Gifu University, 54: 81–89.Google Scholar
Leal, I., Foord, B., Allen, E., Campion, C., Rott, M., and Green, M. 2013. Development of two reverse transcription-PCR methods to detect living pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in wood. Forest Pathology, 43: 104–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leal, I., Green, M., Allen, E., Humble, L., and Rott, M. 2005. An effective PCR-based diagnostic method for the detection of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) in wood samples from lodgepole pine. Nematology, 7: 833–842.Google Scholar
Leal, I., Green, M., Allen, E., Humble, L., and Rott, M. 2007. Application of a real-time PCR method for the detection of pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in wood samples from lodgepole pine. Nematology, 9: 351–362.Google Scholar
Linit, M.J. 1988. Nematode-vector relationships in the pine wilt disease system. Journal of Nematology, 20: 227–235.Google Scholar
Mamiya, Y. and Enda, N. 1972. Transmission of FFGFBursaphelenchus lignicolus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) by Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Nematologica, 18: 159–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mamiya, Y. and Enda, N. 1979. Bursaphelenchus mucronatus n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from pine wood and its biology and pathogenicity to pine trees. Nematologica, 25: 351–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsunaga, K. and Togashi, K. 2004. A simple method for discriminating Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus by species-specific polymerase chain reaction primer pairs. Nematology, 6: 273–277.Google Scholar
Pokluda, P., Čížek, L., Stříbná, E., Drag, L., Lukeš, J., and Novotný, V. 2014. A goodbye letter to alcohol: an alternative method for field preservation of arthropod specimens and DNA suitable for mass collecting methods. European Journal of Entomology, 111: 175–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
R Core Team. 2015. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available from www.R-project.org [accessed 22 December 2018].Google Scholar
Rose, A.H. 1957. Some notes on the biology of Monochamus scutellatus (Say) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 89: 547–553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takeuchi, Y. and Futai, K. 2009. Diagnosis and quantification of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhner), in wood of Pinus thunbergii with real-time PCR. Nematological Research, 39: 9–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takeuchi, Y., Kanzaki, N., and Futai, K. 2005. A nested PCR-based method for detecting the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, from pine wood. Nematology, 7: 775–782.Google Scholar
Wang, X.R., Zhu, X.W., Kong, X.C., and Mota, M.M. 2011. A rapid detection of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in stored Monochamus alternatus by rDNA amplification. Journal of Applied Entomology, 135: 156–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, R.P., McCorquodale, D.B., and Majka, C.G. 2009. New records of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) for New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. ZooKeys, 22: 285–308.Google Scholar
Wingfield, M.J. and Blanchette, R.A. 1983. The pine-wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in Minnesota and Wisconsin: insect associates and transmission studies. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 13: 1068–1076.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, H.Y., Tan, Q.Q., and Jiang, S.X. 2013. First report of pine wilt disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus on Pinus thunbergii in the inland city of Zibo. Plant Disease, 97: 1126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ye, W. and Giblin-Davis, R.M. 2013. Molecular characterization and development of real-time PCR assay for pine-wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae). Public Library of Science One, 8: e78804. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078804.Google Scholar
Ye, W., Giblin-Davis, R.M., Braasch, B., Morris, M., and Thomas, W.K. 2007. Phylogenetic relationships among Bursaphelenchus species (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) inferred from nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetic Evolution, 43: 1185–1197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zar, J.H. 1999. Biostatistical analysis, 4th edition. Prentice Hall, Engelwood Cliffs, New Jersey, United States of America.Google Scholar