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IMPACT OF EMIGRATING SEED CHALCID, MEGASTIGMUS SPERMOTROPHUS WACHTL(HYMENOPTERA: TORYMIDAE), ON SEED PRODUCTION IN A DOUGLAS-FIR SEED ORCHARD IN FRANCE AND MODELLING OF ORCHARD INVASION

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Marc Jarry ,
Jean-Noël Candau ,
Alain Roques  and
Bernard Ycart
Marc Jarry
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Mathématiques Appliquées, URA CNRS 1204, IPRA-UPPA, av. de I'Universié, 64000 Pau, France
Jean-Noël Candau
Affiliation:
IBEAS-UPPA, Campus universitaire, 64000 Pau, France
Alain Roques
Affiliation:
INRA, Station de Zoologie Forestière, Ardon, 45160 Olivet, France
Bernard Ycart
Affiliation:
LMCDMAG, B.P. 53 X, 38041 Grenoble, France
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Abstract

The invasion of a Douglas-fir seed orchard by host-specific seed chalcids immigrating from the surrounding plantations of Douglas-fir has been monitored for a 10-year period. The orchard cone crop was entirely harvested every year to prevent the establishment of a resident chalcid population. Over the 10 years the percentage of infested seeds resulting from the immigration of seed chalcids ranged from 0.88 to 91.0%. A model to forecast the importance of annual seed orchard infestation by immigrating populations is proposed. This model is based on passive diffusion of females emerging in the surrounding plantations with a downwind drift. Only a few plantations located within a radius of 5 km from the orchard appeared to contribute significantly to orchard infestation. Settlement of Douglas-fir orchard in regions with low density of conspecific trees and annual harvest of cones are suggested to limit the importance and regularity of seed chalcid damage.

Résumé

L’invasion annuelle d’un verger à graines de sapin de Douglas par des chalcidiens spéficiques des graines émigrants de peuplements de Douglas périphériques au verger a été suivie pendant 10 ans. Tous les cônes du verger ont été recoltés chaque année afin de prévenir l’installation d’une population résidente de chalcidiens. Le pourcentage d’attaque des graines résultant de l’attaque des insectes immigrants dans le verger a largement varié selon l’année, allant de 0,88 à 91,0% des graines pleines. Un modèle prévisionnel de l’invasion annuelle du verger par les populations environnantes de chalcidiens est proposé. Ce modèle est fondé sur un processus de diffusion passive des adultes avec dérive due au vent. Seul un nombre limité de plantations environnantes, toutes situées à l’intérieur d’un rayon de 5 km autour du verger, semblent contribuer significativement à l’infestation de ce dernier. L’établissement de vergers à graines de Douglas dans des zones pauvres en peuplements de la même essence et la récolte annuelle de tous les cônes du verger sont suggérés afin de diminuer les dégâts de chalcidiens.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 129 , Issue 1 , February 1997 , pp. 7 - 19
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1997

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