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IMMEDIATE AND 2ND-YEAR EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDE SPRAY AND BAIT TREATMENTS ON POPULATIONS OF RANGELAND GRASSHOPPERS1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Mark A. Quinn ,
R.L. Kepner ,
D.D. Walgenbach ,
R.A. Bohls ,
P.D. Pooler ,
R. Nelson Foster ,
K.C. Reuter  and
J.L. Swain
Mark A. Quinn
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA57007
R.L. Kepner
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA57007
D.D. Walgenbach
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA57007
R.A. Bohls
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA57007
P.D. Pooler
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA57007
R. Nelson Foster
Affiliation:
USDA/APHIS, Methods Development, Pink Bollwom and Range Pests Station, 4125 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, Arizona, USA85040
K.C. Reuter
Affiliation:
USDA/APHIS, Methods Development, Pink Bollwom and Range Pests Station, 4125 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, Arizona, USA85040
J.L. Swain
Affiliation:
USDA/APHIS, Methods Development, Pink Bollwom and Range Pests Station, 4125 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, Arizona, USA85040
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Abstract

Two, 1400-ha blocks of rangeland in western South Dakota were treated aerially with malathion liquid spray or carbaryl – bran bait in early July 1986 to determine the immediate and 2nd-year impact of treatments on grasshopper populations. Total grasshopper populations were reduced by 92 and 47% in the malathion and carbaryl – bran bait treatment plots, respectively, within 48 h after treatment and remained at a low level throughout the summer. Populations did not change in the control plots. Populations of the two most abundant species, Ageneotettix deorum (Scudder) and Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.), declined by 65 and 87%, respectively, in the carbaryl – bran bait plots but populations of bran "rejectors" (predominantly Trachyrhachys kiowa [Thomas]) did not change.

Densities of the bran "acceptors" (Melanoplus spp., Phoetaliotes nebrascensis [Thomas], and A. deorum), as a group, did not change significantly in the control plots between the pre-treatment and July 1987 sampling dates. Densities within both sets of treatment plots were significantly lower in the 2nd year of the study than on the pre-treatment sampling date. Although 2nd-year populations of bran acceptors, as a group, did not increase to pre-treatment levels in the treated plots, populations of M. sanguinipes did increase to pre-treatment levels in both sets of treatment plots. Populations of bran rejectors generally remained low in treatment and control plots.

Analysis of covariance of the densities of 2nd-year populations of total grasshoppers and bran rejectors indicated that treatment had no significant effect on populations of these grasshoppers, but the covariable, pre-treatment density, was significantly correlated with 2nd-year densities. Densities of 2nd-year populations of bran acceptors were also significantly correlated with pre-treatment densities.

It was concluded that both the insecticidal spray and bait were effective in controlling most economically important species of rangeland grasshoppers. Although both treatments may have suppressed populations of bran acceptors, as a group, in the 2nd year of the study, neither suppressed populations of M. sanguinipes which increased to pre-treatment levels regardless of treatment. The effect of treatments on 2nd-year populations of bran rejectors could not be determined because populations of this group also declined in control plots.

Résumé

Deux blocs de 1400 ha de pâturage dans l’ouest du Dakota Sud ont été traités par air avec du malathion liquide pulvérisé ou du carbaryl sous forme d’appât au son, au début juillet 1986. L’étude avait pour objectif d’établir l’impact immédiat de ces traitements sur les populations de criquets, de même que 1 ans après l’application. Dans les 48 h après traitement, les densités totales de criquets ont été réduites de 92 et 47% dans les blocs malathion et carbaryl–son, et elles sont restées faibles pendant tout l’été. Les densités n’ont pas été affectées dans les parcelles témoins. Les densités des deux espèces dominantes, Ageneotettix deorum (Scudder) et Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.), ont diminué de 65 et 87% dans les parcelles carbaryl–son, mais les populations d’espèces rejetant le son (surtout Trachyrhachys kiowa [Thomas]) n’ont pas changé.

La densité combinée des espèces acceptant le son (Melanoplus spp., Phoetaliotes nerbrascensis [Thomas] et A. deorum), n’a pas changé significativement dans les parcelles témoins entre la période pré-traitement et les dates d’échantillonnage de juillet 1987. Leurs densités dans les deux séries de parcelles traitées étaient significativement plus faibles à la seconde année de l’étude, qu’à la date d’échantillonnage pré-traitement. Quoiqu’en seconde année les densités du groupe d’espèces acceptant le son n’aient pas rejoint les niveaux pré-traitement dans les deux séries de parcelles traitées, les densités de M. sanguinipes sont retournée aux niveaux pré-traitement dans les deux séries de parcelles traitées. Les populations d’espèces rejetant le son sont restées généralement faibles dans les parcelles témoins et traitées.

L’analyse de covariance des densités après 1 ans pour l’ensemble des criquets et les espèces rejetant le son a indiqué que le traitement n’a pas eu d’effet significatif sur les populations de ces criquets, mais que la covariable densité pré-traitement était significativement corrélée avec la densité 1 ans après. Pour les espèces acceptant le son, les densités 1 ans après étaient également corrélées significativement avec les densités pré-traitement.

On a conclu que la pulvérisation et l’appât empoisonné sont efficaces pour la répression économique des principaux criquets ravageurs des pâturages. Quoique les deux types de traitement aient permis de réprimer les densités des espèces acceptant le son prises comme groupe après 1 ans, aucun des traitements n’a réduit la densité de M. sanguinipes qui a rejoint les niveaux pré-traitement sans égard au traitement. L’effet des traitements après 1 ans sur les populations d’espèces rejetant le son n’a pu être établi parce que leurs densités ont aussi diminué dans les parcelles témoins.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 121 , Issue 7 , July 1989 , pp. 589 - 602
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1989

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