Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T05:13:13.407Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

THE HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE ET APHELINIDAE) OF THE PEA APHID IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Manfred Mackauer
Affiliation:
Research Institute, Canada Department of Agriculture, Belleville, Ontario
Thelma Finlayson
Affiliation:
Research Institute, Canada Department of Agriculture, Belleville, Ontario

Abstract

The adults, mummies, and final-instar larvae of the eight hymenopterous parasites of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), in Eastern Canada are described and illustrated. The history, synonymy, and biology of each species, and the problems of species differentiation in two of the genera, Aphidius and Praon, are discussed. Keys are given to separate the adults, mummies, and cast skins of the last larval instar.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1967

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Angalet, G. W., and Coles, L. W.. 1966. The establishment of Aphidius smithi in the eastern United States. J. econ. Ent. 96: 769770.Google Scholar
Anonymous. 1927. [Entomological investigations.] Rep. Wis. agric. Exp. Stn 96: 6075.Google Scholar
Ataeva, M. 1961. [Contribution to fauna of the Aphidiidae family, parasites of aphids in Tadzhikistan.] Izv. Akad. Nauk tadzhik. SSR. 4(7): 5766.Google Scholar
Baker, C. F. 1909. Plant louse parasites I (Fam. Braconidae, Subfamily Aphidiinae). Pomona Coll. J. Ent. 96: 2225.Google Scholar
Beardsley, J. W. 1961. A review of the Hawaiian Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Proc. Hawaii. ent. Soc. 96: 333366.Google Scholar
Börner, C., und Heinze, K.. 1957. Aphidina-Aphidoidea. Blattläuse, plant lice (aphids), pucerons (aphides). In P. Sorauer, Handb. PflKrankh., 5. Aufl., Bd. 5, 4. Liefg. pp. 1402. P. Parey, Berlin und Hamburg.Google Scholar
Bosch, R. van den. 1957. The spotted alfalfa aphid and its parasites in the Mediterranean region, Middle East, and East Africa. J. econ. Ent. 96: 352356.Google Scholar
Clausen, C. P. 1956. Releases of recently imported insect parasites and predators in California — 1954–1955. Pan-Pacif. Ent. 96: 125127.Google Scholar
Cooke, W. C. 1963. Ecology of the pea aphid in the Blue Mountain Area of eastern Washington and Oregon. Tech. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. 96: 148.Google Scholar
Davis, J. J. 1915. The pea aphis with relation to forage crops. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. 96: 167.Google Scholar
Duncan, J., and Couture, R.. 1957. Les pucerons de la pomme de terre dans l'est du Québec. Rep. Queb. Soc. Prot. Pl. 96: 4955.Google Scholar
Ferrière, C. 1965. Hymenoptera Aphelinidae d'Europe et du Bassin Méditerranéen. In Faune d'Europe et du Bassin Méditerranéen 1: 1206. Masson et Cie., Paris.Google Scholar
Thelma, Finlayson. 1960. Taxonomy of cocoons and puparia, and their contents, of Canadian parasites of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Can. Ent. 96: 2047.Google Scholar
Fletcher, J. 1900. Injurious insects in Ontario during 1899. Rep. ent. Soc. Ont. 96: 106111.Google Scholar
Fletcher, J. 1901. Injurious insects in Ontario during 1900. Rep. ent. Soc. Ont. 96: 6272.Google Scholar
Fluke, C. L. 1925. Natural enemies of the pea aphid (Illinoia pisi, Kalt.); their abundance and distribution in Wisconsin. J. econ. Ent. 96: 612616.Google Scholar
Fluke, C. L. 1929. The known predacious and parasitic enemies of the pea aphid in North America. Bull. Wis. agric. Exp. Stn 96: 147.Google Scholar
Fulmek, L. 1957. Insekten als Blattlausfeinde. Kritisch-statistische Sichtung. Annln naturh. Mus. Wien 96: 100227.Google Scholar
Gahan, A. B. 1910. Some synonymy and other notes on Aphidiinae. Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 96: 179189.Google Scholar
Gahan, A. B. 1911. Aphidiinae of North America. Bull. Md agric. Exp. Stn 96: 147200.Google Scholar
Gahan, A. B. 1924. Some new parasitic Hymenoptera with notes on several described forms. Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 96: 123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Girault, A. A. 1917. Descriptiones stellarum novarum. 22 pp. [Privately published.]Google Scholar
Griswold, Grace H. 1927. Observations on the biology of a new geranium aphid (Macrosiphum cornelli Patch). J. econ. Ent. 96: 9194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagen, K. S., and Schlinger, E. I.. 1960. Imported Indian parasite of pea aphid established in California. Calif. Agric. 96: 56.Google Scholar
Hartley, E. A. 1922. Some bionomics of Aphelinus semiflavus (Howard) chalcid parasite of aphids. Ohio J. Sci. 96: 209237.Google Scholar
Haviland, Maud D. 1922. On the post-embryonic development of certain chalcids, hyperparasites of aphids, with remarks on the bionomics of hymenopterous parasites in general. Q. Jl microsc. Sci. 96: 321338.Google Scholar
Howard, L. O. 1908. Upon the aphis-feeding species of Aphelinus. Ent. News 96: 365367.Google Scholar
Kennedy, J. S., Day, M. F., and Eastop, V. F.. 1962. A conspectus of aphids as vectors of plant viruses. Commonwealth Inst. Ent., London.Google Scholar
MacGillivray, M. E, and Spicer, P. B.. 1953. Aphid parasites collected in New Brunswick in 1950. Can. Ent. 96: 423431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackauer, M. 1959. Die europäischen Arten der Gattungen Praon und Areopraon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae). Eine monographische Revision. Beitr. Ent. 96: 810865.Google Scholar
Mackauer, M. 1961. Die Typen der Unterfamilie Aphidiinae des Britischen Museums London (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Beitr. Ent. 96: 96154.Google Scholar
Mackauer, M. 1962 a. Spezifische Parasiten der Acyrthosiphon-Macrosiphum-Gruppe und Grundfragen der Wirtsbindung der Blattlaus-Schlupfwespen (Homoptera: Aphididae - Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Z. angew. Ent. 96: 125131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackauer, M. 1962 b. Blattlaus-Schlupfwespen der Sammlung F. P. Müller, Rostock (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea; Aphidiidae). Beitr. Ent. 96: 631660.Google Scholar
Mackauer, M. J. P. 1963. A re-examination of C. F. Baker's collection of aphid parasites (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Can. Ent. 96: 921935.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackauer, M. J. P., and Bisdee, H. E.. 1965. Aphidius smithi Sharma and Subba Rao (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) a parasite of the pea aphid new in southern Ontario. Proc. ent. Soc. Ont. 96: 121124.Google Scholar
Marshall, T. A. 1896. Flexiliventres. In Species d'Europe et d'Algérie, ed. by André, E., 5: 527618. Bouffaut Frères, Gray.Google Scholar
Muesebeck, C. F. W. 1958. Family Braconidae. In Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. Synoptic Catalog, by Krombein, K. V. et al. , pp. 1836. U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Monogr. 2, Suppl. 1.Google Scholar
Muesebeck, C. F. W., and Walkley, Luella M.. 1951. Family Braconidae. In Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. Synoptic Catalog, by Muesebeck, C. F. W., Krombein, K. V., and Townes, H. K., pp. 90184. U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Monogr. 2.Google Scholar
Peck, O. 1963. A catalogue of the Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Can. Ent. Suppl. 30: 11092.Google Scholar
Pettit, R. H. 1924. Report of the section of entomology. Rep. Mich. Bd Agric. 96: 219235.Google Scholar
Schlinger, E. I., and Hall, J. C.. 1959. A synopsis of the biologies of three imported parasites of the spotted alfalfa aphid. J. econ. Ent. 96: 154157.Google Scholar
Schlinger, E. I., and Hall, J. C.. 1960. Biological notes on Pacific Coast aphid parasites, and lists of California parasites (Aphidiinae) and their aphid hosts (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 96: 404415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shands, W. A., Simpson, G. W., Roberts, F. S., and Muesebeck, C. F. W.. 1955. Parasites of potato-infesting aphids and of some other aphids in Maine. Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 96: 131136.Google Scholar
Shands, E. A., Simpson, G. W., Muesebeck, C. F. W., and Wave, H. E.. 1965. Parasites of potato-infesting aphids in northeastern Maine. Bull. Me agric. Exp. Stn, Tech. Ser., T 19: 177.Google Scholar
Sharma, A. K., and Subba Rao, B. R.. 1959. Description of two new parasites of an aphid from North India (Aphidiidae: Ichneumonoidea and Pteromalidae: Chalcidoidea). Indian J. Ent. 96: 181188.Google Scholar
Short, J. R. T. 1952. The morphology of the head of larval Hymenoptera with special reference to the head of Ichneumonoidea, including a classification of the final instar larvae of the Braconidae. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 96: 2784.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, C. F. 1941. A new species of hymenopterous parasite of the pea aphid (Macrosiphum pisi Kaltenbach). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 96: 537538.Google Scholar
Smith, C. F. 1944. The Aphidiinae of North America (Braconidae: Hymenoptera). Ohio State Univ. Contr. Zool. Ent. 96: xii + 154 pp.Google Scholar
Smith, L. M. 1936. Biology of the mealy plum aphid, Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy). Hilgardia 10(7): 167209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spencer, H. 1926. Biology of the parasites and hyperparasites of aphids. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 96: 119157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Starý, P. 1961. [Notes on the Aphidiidae of southern Crimea.] Sb. faun. Prací ent. Odd. nár. Mus. Praze 96: 129130.Google Scholar
Starý, P. 1962. [Hymenopterous parasites of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon onobrychis (Boyer) in Czechoslovakia. I. Bionomics and ecology of Aphidius ervi Haliday.] Zool. Listy 96: 265278.Google Scholar
Starý, P. 1963. A study on the relationship of the Dactynotinae and their aphidiid parasites in Europe (Homoptera: Aphidoidea, Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Sb. ent. Odd. nar. Mus. Praze 96: 593610.Google Scholar
Starý, P. 1965. Aphidiid parasites of aphids in the USSR (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Sb. faun. Prací ent. Odd. nár. Mus. Praze 96: 187227.Google Scholar
Viereck, H. L. 1917. The Hymenoptera, or wasp-like insects of Connecticut. In Guide to the insects of Connecticut, ed. by Britton, W. E.. Bull. Conn. St. geol. nat. Hist. Surv. 96: 1824.Google Scholar
Walden, B. H. 1926. Outbreak of pea aphid on alfalfa. Bull. Conn. agric. Exp. Stn 96: 295298Google Scholar
Wave, H. E., and Shands, W. A.. 1965. Biology of the foxglove aphid in the northeastern United States. Tech. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. 96: 140.Google Scholar
Webster, F. M., and Phillips, W. J.. 1912. The spring grain aphis or “green bug”. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. 96: 1153.Google Scholar
Wheeler, Esther H. 1923. Some braconids parasitic on aphids and their life-history (Hym.). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 96: 129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wąckowski, S. K. 1962. [Studies on the biology and ecology of Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a parasite of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr.) (Homoptera, Aphididae).] Polskie Pismo ent. 96: 253310.Google Scholar
Wilbert, H. 1964. Das Ausleseverhalten von Aphelinus semiflavus Howard und die Abwehr-reaktionen seiner Wirte (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Beitr. Ent. 96: 159221.Google Scholar