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GROUND RELEASES OF TRICHOGRAMMA MINUTUM RILEY (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) AGAINST THE SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

S.M. Smith ,
M. Hubbes  and
J.R. Carrow
S.M. Smith
Affiliation:
Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1Al
M. Hubbes
Affiliation:
Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1Al
J.R. Carrow
Affiliation:
Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1Al
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Abstract

During 1982 and 1984, ground releases of Trichogramma minutum Riley were assessed for control of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), on 12- to 20-year-old, white spruce stands in northern Ontario. Maximum parasitism of susceptible egg masses was 16 and 87% following the release of 480 000 and 12 million female T. minutum per hectare, respectively. Releases at intervals of 1 week maintained parasitism of susceptible egg masses at constant levels throughout the oviposition period of spruce budworm. When parasitism of susceptible egg masses was maintained above 78.2% during the ovipositional period, total egg mass parasitism averaged 58.0% and resulted in an 80.3% reduction of overwintering 2nd-instar larvae. The optimal strategy for reducing spruce budworm was two releases of T. minutum at an interval of 1 week in the ovipositional period. This allowed a second generation of parasitoids to emerge from the spruce budworm eggs that were more efficient in maintaining high levels of parasitism than those emerging from the standard rearing host. Natural parasitism of spruce budworm egg masses was less than 4% and there was no carryover of parasitism in the years following inundative release. The rate of T. minutum release necessary to achieve effective mortality of spruce budworm during outbreak populations is discussed briefly.

Résumé

De 1982 à 1984, dans le nord de l’Ontario, des lâchers de Trichogramma minutum Riley contre la tordeuse des bourgeons de l’épinette, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), ont été évalués dans des peuplements d’épinette blanche âgés de 12 à 20 ans. Le taux naturel de parasitisme des masses d’oeufs de tordeuse était moins de 4% et aucune présence de parasitisme était détectée dans les années suivant les lâchers. Les taux maximaux de parasitisme étaient de 16 et 87% suivant des lâchers de 480 000 et 12 millions de femelles T. minutum par hectare respectivement. Les lâchers à intervale de 1 semaine pendant la période de ponte d’oeufs de la tordeuse maintenaient des taux de parasitisme constants. Quand le taux de parasitisme était maintenu au-delà de 78% pendant la période de ponte d’oeufs, le taux entier de parasitisme était 58% et entraînait une réduction de 80,3% des deuxièmes stades larvaires. La stratégie optimale pour l’emploi des lâchers de T. minutum contre la tordeuse était deux lâchers à intervale de 1 semaine tôt pendant la période de ponte d’oeufs. Ceci permettait une deuxième génération de parasitoïde d’éclore sur le terrain et ceux-ci étaient plus efficaces que ceux provenant de l’hôte de remplacement. Le taux de lâcher de T. minutum requis pour réduire les populations épidémiques de tordeuse est discuté brièvement.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 119 , Issue 3 , March 1987 , pp. 251 - 263
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1987

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