Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T07:10:34.795Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHORISTONEURA SPECIES (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) FEEDING ON ABIES, PICEA, AND PSEUDOTSUGA IN WESTERN CANADA AND ALASKA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

R.F. Shepherd
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8Z 1M5
T.G. Gray*
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8Z 1M5
G.T. Harvey
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7
*
1 Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Male moths of Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, C. biennis Freeman, C. fumiferana (Clemens), and C. orae Freeman were caught in pheromone-baited traps. Ten traps were placed at each site, five baited with an aldehyde lure and five with an acetate lure. This procedure permitted separation of species based on the specific chemical lure and also provided specimens for further study of morphological and isozyme differences. The color of the forewings, presence or absence of spicules on the aedeagus, and a specific allozyme frequency were determined on selected specimens where these characteristics were useful in separating species at a particular site. Distributions of all species were more extensive than previously known, sometimes adding hundreds of kilometres to the recorded range. Areas of sympatry were identified and the fidelity and usefulness of characteristics for separating species in areas of overlap were discussed.

Résumé

Des mâles de Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, de C. biennis Freeman, de C. fumiferana (Clemens) et de C. orae Freeman ont été capturés dans des pièges à phéromone. Dix pièges ont été placés dans chacun des sites : cinq dont l’appât était un aldéhyde et cinq de l’acétate. Grâce à cette technique, il a été possible de séparer les espèces à l’aide d’un appât chimique spécifique et d’obtenir aussi des spécimens pour poursuivre l’étude sur les différences morphologiques et la constitution des isozymes. La couleur des ailes antérieures, la présence ou l’absence de spicules sur l’édéage, et la fréquence d’une allozyme spécifique ont été établies chez certains spécimens lorsque ces caractéristiques étaient utiles pour séparer les espèces à un endroit donné. L’aire de répartition de toutes les espèces était plus étendue que l’on croyait; elle comportait parfois des centaines de kilomètres de plus que l’aire connue. Des aires de sympatrie sont déterminées; les auteurs traitent de la fidélité et de l’utilité des caractéristiques pour séparer les espèces dans les aires de chevauchement.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1995

References

Cory, H.T., Daterman, G.E., Daves, G.D. Jr., Sower, L.L., Shepherd, R.F., and Sanders, C. J.. 1982. Chemistry and field evaluation of the sex pheromone of western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis, Freeman. Journal of Chemical Ecology 8: 339350.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dang, P.T. 1985. Key to adult males of conifer-feeding species of Choristoneura Lederer (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Canada and Alaska. The Canadian Entomologist 117: 15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dang, P.T. 1992. Morphological study of male genitalia with phylogenetic inference of Choristoneura Lederer (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist 124: 748.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daterman, G.E. 1974. Synthetic Sex Pheromones for Detection Survey of European Pine Shoot Moth. USDA Forest Service Research Paper PNW–180: 12 pp.Google Scholar
Freeman, T.N. 1967. On coniferophagous species of Choristoneura (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in North America. I. Some new forms of Choristoneura allied to C. fumiferana. The Canadian Entomologist 99: 449455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, T.G., and Gries, G.. 1993. Sex pheromone components of an undescribed Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on lodgepole pine in British Columbia. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 90: 1318.Google Scholar
Gray, T.G., Shepherd, R.F., and Harvey, G.T.. 1995. Incidence of spicules on the aedeagi of Choristoneura fumiferana, C. biennis and C. unidentified species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist 127: 161166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, T.G., and Slessor, K.N.. 1989. Morphology, life history and identification of sex pheromone components of an undescribed species of Choristoneura (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on Scots pine in British Columbia. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 86: 3947.Google Scholar
Gray, T.G., Slessor, K.N., Grant, G.G., Shepherd, R.F., Holsten, E.H., and Tracey, A.S.. 1984. Identification and field testing of pheromone components of Choristoneura orae (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist 116: 5156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, J.W.E., Alfaro, R.I., Dawson, A.F., and Brown, R.G.. 1985. The Western Spruce Budworm in British Columbia 1909–1983. Canadian Forestry Service, Pacific Forest Research Centre, Information Report BC–X–257: 32 pp.Google Scholar
Harvey, G.T. 1985. The taxonomy of coniferophagous Choristoneura (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): A review. pp. 1659in Sanders, C.J., Stark, R.W., Mullins, E.J., and Murphy, J. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Spruce Budworm Research: Proceedings of the CANUSA Research Symposium, Bangor, Maine, Sept. 16–20, 1984.Google Scholar
Harvey, G.T. 1996. Population genetics of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in relation to geographical and population density differences. The Canadian Entomologist 128. In press.Google Scholar
Harvey, G.T., and Sohi, S.S.. 1985. Isozyme characterization of 28 cell lines from five insect species. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63: 22702276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey, G.T., and Stehr, G.. 1967. On coniferophagous species of Choristoneura (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in North America. III. Some characters of immature forms helpful in the identification of species. The Canadian Entomologist 99: 464481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powell, J.A. 1980. Nomenclature of Neararctic Conifer-Feeding Choristoneura (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Historical Review and Present Status. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW–100: 18 pp.Google Scholar
Powell, J.A., and DeBenedictis, J.A.. 1982. Taxonomic Relationships and Pheromone Isolations among Western Spruce Budworm Populations. Canada/US Spruce Budworms Program-West, Portland, OR. Final Report. 40 pp.Google Scholar
Sanders, C. J. 1978. Evaluation of sex attractant traps for monitoring spruce budworm populations (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist 110: 4350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shepherd, R.F. 1959. Phytosociological and environmental characteristics of outbreak and non-outbreak areas of the two-year cycle spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana. Ecology 40(4): 608620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sperling, F.A.H., and Hickey, D.A.. 1995. Amplified mitochondrial DNA as a diagnostic marker for species of conifer-feeding Choristoneura (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist 127: 277288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stehr, G.W. 1967. On coniferophagous species of Choristoneura (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in North America. II. Geographic distribution in accordance with forest regions. The Canadian Entomologist 99: 456463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stock, M.W., and Castrovillo, P.J.. 1981. Genetic relationships among representative populations of five Choristoneura species: C. occidentalis, C. retiniana, C. biennis, C. lambertiana and C. fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist 113: 857865.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swofford, D.L., and Selander, R.B.. 1981. BIOSYS-1: A Fortran program for the comprehensive analysis of electrophoretic data in population genetics and systematics. Journal of Heredity 72: 281283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turnquist, R., and Ferris, R.. 1989. Forest Insect and Disease Conditions, Prince George Region 1989. Forestry Canada, Pacific and Yukon Region, Victoria, B.C.26 pp.Google Scholar
Unger, L.S. 1984. Two-year Cycle Spruce Budworm in British Columbia 1914–1982. Canadian Forestry Service, Pacific Forest Research Centre, FIDS Report 84–1: 26 pp.Google Scholar
U.S. Forest Service. 1983. Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in Alaska (R-10), 1981–1982. USDA Forest Service, Alaska Region, Anchorage, Report 173: 20 pp.Google Scholar