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Genetic variation within and among populations of an arctic/alpine sweat bee (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Laurence Packer  and
John S. Taylor
Laurence Packer*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J IP3
John S. Taylor
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3N5
*
1 Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]).
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Abstract

We present the results of electrophoretic analyses of allozymes for eight population samples of the arctic/alpine sweat bee, Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) boreale Svensson, Sakagami and Ebmer. This holarctic species is found at high latitudes and at increasingly high elevations in the mountains of western North America as far south as southern Arizona. Our samples encompass a large proportion of the species' range; three samples are from Arizona, one from Utah, two from northern Canada, one from Mount Washington (the highest point in the eastern United States), and one from Sweden. Most samples had high levels of genetic variation compared with other bees, but the one from Sweden had low heterozygosity, suggesting that this location may have been comparatively recently colonized. The three northern North American samples were genetically similar despite the large geographic distances separating the localities (average > 3000 km). In contrast, the southern United States samples were (with the exception of one pairwise estimate) genetically divergent despite the small geographic distances separating them (average < 500 km). These results are consistent with earlier divergence among the southern populations, which are currently separated by regions of low elevation and inhospitable desert, than among the more northern ones. Although the data are not conclusive, they are suggestive of northward dispersal from refugia south of the ice sheets since the last glaciation.

Résumé

Nous présentons ici les résulats d'analyses par électrophorèse des allozymes de huit populations de l'halicte arctique/alpin, Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) boreale Svensson, Sakagami et Ebmer. Cette espèce holarctique habite les latitudes élevées et on la retrouve de plus en plus en altitude dans les montagnes de l'ouest nord-américain jusque dans le sud de l'Arizona. Nos échantillons, trois d'Arizona, un d'Utah, deux du nord du Canada, un du Mont Washington (le point le plus élevé de l'est des États-Unis) et un de Suède, recouvrent une importante proportion de la répartition de l'espèce. Dans la plupart des échantillons, il y a une grande variation génétique par comparaison à d'autres abeilles, mais, dans l'échantillon de Suède, l'hétérozygotie est faible, ce qui semble indiquer que ce site n'a été colonisé que relativement récemment. Les trois échantillons provenant du nord de l'Amérique du Nord sont génétiquement semblables malgré les distances géographiques importantes entre les localités (en moyenne, plus de 3000 km). En revanche, il y a une divergence génétique entre les échantillons du sud des États-Unis (à l'exception d'un appariement) malgré les faibles distances géographiques entre les localités (en moyenne moins de 500 km). Ces résultats s'accordent avec l'hypothèse d'une divergence plus précoce entre les populations du sud qui sont séparées par des zones de faible altitude et par des déserts inhospitaliers qu'entre les populations du nord. Bien que ces résultats ne soient pas totalement concluants, ils indiquent que la dispersion s'est probablement faite vers le nord à partir de refuges situés au sud des glaces depuis la dernière glaciation.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 134 , Issue 5 , October 2002 , pp. 619 - 631
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2002

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