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Freezing cold yet diverse: dissecting a high-Arctic parasitoid community associated with Lepidoptera hosts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2013

Gergely Várkonyi  and
Tomas Roslin
Gergely Várkonyi*
Affiliation:
Finnish Environment Institute, Natural Environment Centre, Friendship Park Research Centre, Lentiirantie 342B, FI-88900 Kuhmo, Finland
Tomas Roslin
Affiliation:
Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27 (Latokartanonkaari 5), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]).
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Abstract

Despite increasing worldwide interest in host–parasitoid food webs, the parasitoid communities of the high Arctic remain poorly explored. To allow analyses of global patterns, and to detect the effects of ongoing climate change, such data are urgently needed. In this paper, we describe a systematic effort to characterise the high-Arctic Hymenoptera and Diptera parasitoid community associated with Lepidoptera hosts of the Zackenberg Valley (74°30′N, 21°00′W), northeast Greenland. Here, we first sampled adult parasitoids by a combination of Malaise traps, pitfall traps, and, less extensively, yellow pan traps and sweep netting. We then identified the host use of individual parasitoid taxa by rearing a large number of host individuals and species across multiple years. We now describe our preliminary findings on the species diversity of the target community, on trophic links between hosts and parasitoids, and on the sampling effort and techniques needed to characterise the community. We report on 30 local parasitoid taxa representing four families, three of which are species new to Greenland. In describing the community, we make a specific effort to summarise what is known about the taxonomy, phenology, and host use of the component species, to the benefit of future research in the area.

Résumé

Malgré un intérêt croissant pour les réseaux trophiques hôte-parasitoïdes à travers le monde, les communautés de parasitoïdes du haut-Arctique restent peu étudiées. Pour permettre des analyses de patrons globaux et détecter les effets des changements climatiques en cours, nous avons pourtant un besoin urgent de telles données. Dans cet article, nous documentons un effort systématique visant à caractériser les communautés d'hyménoptères et de diptères parasitoïdes du haut-Arctique, associées à des lépidoptères hôtes, dans la vallée de Zackenberg (74°30′N, 21°00′W) au Nord-Est du Groenland. Dans un premier temps, nous avons échantillonné des parasitoïdes adultes par l'utilisation combinée de pièges Malaise, de pièges à fosse (ou pièges Barber) et, dans une moindre mesure, de pièges colorés (bacs jaunes) et de filets dit « à papillons ». Nous avons ensuite identifié l'utilisation des hôtes par les individus des taxons de parasitoïdes en élevant un grand nombre d'individus et d'espèces d'hôtes durant plusieurs années. Nous décrivons aujourd'hui nos résultats préliminaires sur la diversité spécifique de la communauté ciblée, sur les relations trophiques entre hôtes et parasitoïdes, et sur la complémentarité entre efforts et techniques d’échantillonnage. Nous avons documenté la présence de 30 taxons locaux de parasitoïdes représentant quatre familles, dont trois taxons sont des nouvelles espèces pour le Groenland. En décrivant la communauté, nous nous efforçons à résumer, pour chacune des espèces qui la composent, l’état des connaissances sur la taxonomie, la phénologie et l'utilisation des hôtes, pour le bénéfice de recherches ultérieures qui seraient conduites dans la région.

Type
Behaviour & Ecology
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 145 , Special Issue 2: Arctic Entomology in the 21st Century , April 2013 , pp. 193 - 218
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2013

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