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FOREST ANT COMPOSITION AND FORAGING FOLLOWING AERIAL SPRAYING OF CARBARYL TO SUPPRESS WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

C.F. Murphy  and
B.A. Croft
C.F. Murphy
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA 97331–2907
B.A. Croft
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA 97331–2907
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Abstract

An outbreak of western spruce bud worm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon, USA, was treated with helicopter-applied carbaryl. Effects on forest ants were determined from pre- and post-spray samples taken from replicated 0.75-ha sprayed and unsprayed plots. Arboreally foraging ants were sampled with sticky drop traps placed under trees. Ground-foraging ants were sampled from food-baited boards. During 8 weeks of sampling, 13 225 ants from seven genera and 19 species were collected. Seven species were known budworm predators. After spraying, ant species diversity decreased in sprayed plots. Post-spray foraging decreased in all plots, but the decrease was more rapid and pronounced in sprayed plots. Among ground-foragers, budworm predators were clearly affected by spraying. Arboreal foragers, nearly all budworm predators, showed a significantly lower foraging rate in sprayed plots. Varying effects on different species were noted. Overall ant foraging remained depressed for at least 6 weeks after spraying, long enough for budworm development to be completed. Reduced ant predation on sparse budworm populations after spraying may contribute to budworm resurgence.

Résumé

Une éruption de tordeuse occidentale de l’épinette, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, dans la région des Blue Mountains de l’Orégon de l’est, USA, fut traitée avec du carbaryl appliqué par hélicoptère. Les effets sur les fourmis forestières furent déterminés d’après des échantillons, pré- et post-application, obtenus de lots dupliqués de 0.75 ha, soit appliqués ou non-appliqués. Les fourmis fourrageant dans les arbres furent échantillonées avec des trappes de chute collantes placées sous les arbres. Les fourmis fourrageant sur le sol furent échantillonées avec des planches appâtées. Pendant 8 semaines d’échantillonages, 13 225 fourmis de sept genres et 19 espèces furent collectées. Sept espèces sont reconnues comme rapaces de la tordeuse. Après l’application, la diversité des espèces de fourmis s’abaissa dans les lots appliqués. Le fourrage diminua dans tous les lots, mais plus rapidement et plus prononcé dans les lots appliqués. Parmi les fourrageuses du sol, les rapaces de la tordeuse furent évidemment affectés par l’application. Les fourrageuses des arbres, presque toutes rapaces de la tordeuse, démontrèrent un taux de fourrage significativemment plus bas dans les lots appliqués. Des effets variés furent notés sur différentes espèces. En tout, le fourrage des fourmis demeura abaissé pour au moins 6 semaines après l’application, assez longtemps pour compléter le développement de la tordeuse. Le taux réduit de rapacité des fourmis sur la population clairsemée de la tordeuse après l’application a pu contribuer au ressort de la tordeuse.

[Traduit par l’auteur]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 122 , Issue 4 , August 1990 , pp. 595 - 606
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1990

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