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FACTORS AFFECTING ADULT EMERGENCE AND MATING BEHAVIOR OF THE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

C. J. Sanders
Affiliation:
Great Lakes Forest Research Centre, Canadian Forestry Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
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Abstract

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Laboratory and field experiments indicate that the female spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) pupal stadium requires approximately 122C degree-days above a threshold of 7.2 °C (45°F), the male 124. Emergence time on any given day depends on temperature but is independent of photoperiod. Under field conditions male and female budworm mate only once per 24-h period. In the laboratory under continuous illumination females mate repeatedly and males readily mate a second time within a few hours, but the duration of the second copulation is abnormally long. The probability of multiple matings under field conditions is reduced by the restricted period of sexual activity coupled with the duration of copulation and the lower competitiveness of mated insects. Antennae are essential to the male for successful copulation.

Résumé

La nymphose de la Tordeuse des bourgeons de l’épinette (Choristoneura fumiferana) femelle dure approximativement 122C degrés-jours supraliminaux à 7.2 °C (45°F) et celle du mâle approximativement 124C degrés-jours. Voilà ce que révèlent des expériences faites en laboratoire et sur le terrain. La température influence la période d’émergence qui cependant demeure indépendante de la photopériode. Sur le terrain la copulation des mâles et femelles se produit seulement une fois par période de 24 h. En milieu expérimental et sous un éclairage continuel, les femelles s’accouplent à tout bout de champ, tandis que les mâles s’accouplent une 2e fois après quelques heures mais cette 2e copulation est anormalement longue. La période restreinte de l’activité sexuelle, outre la durée de copulation et le degré moindre de compétition des insectes déjà accouplés, réduisent la probabilité des copulations multiples sur le terrain. Les antennes sont essentielles à la copulation heureuse du mâle.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1975

References

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