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EVALUATION OF A HELD BIOASSAY TECHNIQUE TO PREDICT THE IMPACT OF AERIAL APPLICATIONS OF FORESTRY INSECTICIDES ON STREAM INVERTEBRATES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

D.G. Poirier  and
G.A. Surgeoner
D.G. Poirier
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
G.A. Surgeoner
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Abstract

Field bioassays were used to assess the toxicities of four formulated insecticides to representative stream invertebrates. Toxicities (48-h LC50) after a 1-h application period ranged from 2.0 to 7.1 μg/L for permethrin, 82 to 284 μg/L for fenitrothion, 344 to 1276 μg/L for aminocarb, and 251 to 1504 μg/L for mexacarbate. Invertebrates drifted at concentrations of permethrin greater than 0.5 μg/L, and at concentrations of fenitrothion, aminocarb, and mexacarbate greater than 10 μg/L. An aerial application of 280 g AI/ha fenitrothion with no stream buffer was made to compare bioassay results with impact to aquatic invertebrates under operational spray programs. Concentrations of fenitrothion peaked 30 min after spray at 31.0 μg/L and declined to less than 1.0 μg/L within 14 h. Numbers of drifting invertebrates increased 20-fold 3 h after spray and declined to before-spray numbers within 24 h. Mortalities of caged invertebrates in the stream ranged from 0% for Pycnopsyche sp. to 16% for Simulium venustum (Say). The field bioassay accurately predicted the impacts of fenitrothion on stream invertebrates in this situation.

Résumé

Des essais sur le terrain ont permis de tester la toxicité de quatre formules insecticides pour des invertébrés typiques des ruisseaux. La toxicité (LC50, à 48 h) suite à une application de 1 h a varié de 2,0 à 7,1 μg/L pour la perméfhrine, de 82 à 284 μg/L pour le fenitrothion, de 344 à 1276 μg/L pour l’aminocarbe et 251 à 1504 μg/L pour le mexacarbate. Les invertébrés dérivaient aux concentrations de perméthrine supérieures à 0,5 μg/L et aux concentrations de fenitrothion, d’aminocarbe et de mexacarbate supérieures à 10 μg/L. Une application aérienne à 280 g IA/ha de fenitrothion sans tampon a été effectuée pour fins de comparaison des résultats avec l’impact des programmes opérationnels de traitement. La concentration de fenitrothion a atteint son maximum à 31,0 μg/L 30 min après le traitement et avait baissé à moins de 1,0 μg/L 14 h après. La densité des invertébrés en dérive a augmenté de 20 fois dans les 3 h suivant le traitement et avait repris sa valeur initiale après 24 h. La mortalité d’invertébrés encagés dans le ruisseau a varié de 0% pour Pycnopsyche sp. jusqu’à 16% pour Simulium venustum (Say). Le test a permis de prédire avec précision les effets du fenitrothion sur les invertébrés aquatiques dans cette situation.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 120 , Issue 7 , July 1988 , pp. 627 - 637
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1988

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