Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T06:17:39.216Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evaluating the current integrated pest management recommendations in Canada for carrot weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and carrot rust fly (Diptera: Psilidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 April 2019

Zachariah Telfer Open the ORCID record for Zachariah Telfer [Opens in a new window] ,
Jason Lemay ,
Mary Ruth McDonald  and
Cynthia Scott-Dupree
Zachariah Telfer*
Affiliation:
School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
Jason Lemay
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
Mary Ruth McDonald
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
Cynthia Scott-Dupree
Affiliation:
School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The primary insect pests in Canadian carrot production are carrot rust fly (Psila rosae (Fabricius); Diptera: Psilidae) and carrot weevil (Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte); Coleoptera: Curculionidae). An integrated pest management programme for these pests exists in Québec and Ontario, where most Canadian carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus (Hoffmann) Schübler and Martens; Apiaceae) production occurs. As current carrot insect integrated pest management recommendations are decades old, laboratory and field trials were performed to evaluate the carrot insect integrated pest management recommendations. Carrot weevil populations were evaluated in the laboratory for resistance to the primary product used for control, phosmet. Ontario carrot weevils exhibited negligible mortality when exposed to phosmet compared with > 80% mortality in a susceptible strain. Using data from a carrot integrated pest management programme, weather data was correlated with monitoring and damage data of both pests from historical records. Increased carrot weevil captures were weakly related to increased damage. Carrot weevil damage was reduced by following integrated pest management recommendations in one of three trials. No strong relationship between weather and carrot rust fly captures was identified, suggesting the degree day model for carrot rust fly activity needs revision. In field trials, carrot rust fly damage was negligible despite integrated pest management recommendations for insecticide applications. Future research should include improving carrot weevil monitoring and control and increasing the carrot rust fly action threshold to optimise insecticide applications.

Type
Insect Management
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 151 , Issue 3 , June 2019 , pp. 391 - 405
Copyright
© Entomological Society of Canada 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Subject editor: Matthew O’Neal

References

Abbott, W.S. 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18: 265–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 2009. Pesticide use and pest management practices of Canadian carrot growers [online]. Available from www5.agr.gc.ca/resources/prod/doc/carrot/CPS-Carrot-FINAL-EN2.pdf [accessed 9 December 2014].Google Scholar
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 2014. Crop profile for carrot in Canada, 2012 [online]. Available from http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2014/aac-aafc/A118-10-11-2014-eng.pdf [accessed 11 November 2014].Google Scholar
Boivin, G. 1985. Evaluation of monitoring techniques for the carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 117: 927–933.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boivin, G. 1987. Seasonal occurrence and geographical distribution of the carrot rust fly (Diptera: Psilidae) in Quebec. Environmental Entomology, 16: 503–506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boivin, G. 1988. Effects of carrot developmental stages on feeding and oviposition of carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Environmental Entomology, 17: 330–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boivin, G. 1994. Carrot weevil. In Diseases and pests of vegetable crops in Canada. Edited by Howard, R.J., Garland, J.A., and Seaman, W.L.. Entomological Society of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Pp. 78–79.Google Scholar
Boivin, G. 1999. Integrated management for carrot weevil. Integrated Pest Management Reviews, 4: 21–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boivin, G. 2013. Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte), carrot weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). In Biological control programmes in Canada 2001–2012. Edited by Parker, P.G. and Gillespie, D.R.. Center for Agriculture and Bioscience International, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. Pp. 214–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burn, A. 1984. Life tables for the carrot fly, Psila rosae. Journal of Applied Ecolology, 21: 891–902.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cormier, D., Stevenson, A.B., and Boivin, G. 1996. Seasonal ecology and geographical distribution of Anaphes listronoti and A. victus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), egg parasitoids of the carrot weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in central Ontario. Environmental Entomology, 25: 1376–1382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Esbjerg, P., Jorgensen, J., Neilsen, J.K., Philipsen, H., Zethner, O., and Ogaard, L. 1983. Integeret bekaempelse af skadedyr med gulerodder, gulerodsfluen (Psila rosae F., Dipt., Psilidae) og ageruglen (Agrotis segetum Schiff., Lep., Noctuidae) som afgrode-skadedyr model. Tidsskrift for Planteavl, 87: 305–355.Google Scholar
Joseph, D.A., Cutler, G.C., and Blatt, S.E. 2018. Differentiating between click beetle and carrot weevil damage in Nova Scotia. Journal of the Acadian Entomological Society, 14: 11–16.Google Scholar
Judd, G.J., Vernon, R.S., and Borden, J.H. 1985. Commercial implementation of a monitoring program for Psila rosae (F.) (Diptera: Psilidae) in southwestern British Columbia. Journal of Economic Entomology, 78: 477–481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamb, R.J. and Boivin, G. 2017. Population variability of a native and introduced herbivore of carrots (Apiaceae). The Canadian Entomologist, 149: 592–599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemay, J., Telfer, Z., Scott-Dupree, C., and McDonald, M.R. 2018. The impact of the carrot rust fly and carrot weevil integrated pest management program on the ground-dwelling beetle complex in commercial carrots fields at the Holland Marsh, Ontario, Canada. Environmental Entomology, 47: 788–794.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madder, D.J. and McEwen, F.L. 1982. Instruction manual for integrated pest management in onions and carrots [online]. Available from www.uoguelph.ca/muckcrop/pdfs/IPM%20instruction%20manual%201982.pdf [accessed 21 September 2016].Google Scholar
Martel, P., Svec, H.J., and Harris, C.R. 1975. Mass rearing of the carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), under controlled environmental conditions. The Canadian Entomologist, 107: 95–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martel, P., Svec, H.J., and Harris, C.R. 1976. The life history of the carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) under controlled conditions. The Canadian Entomologist, 108: 931–934.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muehleisen, D., Bary, A., Cogger, C., Miles, C., Johnson, A., Ostrom, M., and Carkner, T. 2003. Managing carrot rust fly: in search of alternatives for a tough costumer. Agrichemical and Environmental News, 203: 1–9.Google Scholar
Mukezangango, J. 2017. Statistical overview of the Canadian vegetable industry 2016 [online]. Available from www.agr.gc.ca/resources/prod/doc/pdf/VegRep_2016-eng.pdf [accessed 9 August 2018].Google Scholar
Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs. 1996. Integrated pest management for onions, carrots, celery, and lettuce in Ontario: a handbook for growers, scouts, and consultants. Publication 700, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Google Scholar
Pepper, B.B. and Hagmann, L.E. 1938. The carrot weevil, Listronotus latiusculus (Boh.), a new pest on celery. Journal of Economic Entomology, 31: 262–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petherbridge, F., Wright, D., and Davies, P. 1942. Investigations on the biology and control of the carrot fly (Psila rosae F.). Annals of Applied Biology, 29: 380–392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Potter, C. 1952. An improved laboratory apparatus for applying direct sprays and surface films, with data on the electrostatic charge on atomized spray fluids. Annals of Applied Biology, 39: 1–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pree, D.J., Stevenson, A.B., and Barszcz, E.S. 1996. Toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides to carrot weevils: enhancement by synergists and oils. Journal of Economic Entomology, 89: 1254–1261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
R Core Team. 2016. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available from www.R-project.org [accessed 21 February 2019].Google Scholar
Simonet, D.E. and Davenport, B.L. 1981. Temperature requirements for development and oviposition of the carrot weevil. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 74: 312–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevenson, A.B. 1983a. Chemical control of carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and damage to carrots in the Holland Marsh, Ontario. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 114: 101–103.Google Scholar
Stevenson, A.B. 1983b. Seasonal occurrence of carrot rust fly (Diptera: Psilidae) adults in Ontario and its relation to cumulative degree-days. Environmental Entomology, 12: 1020–1025.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevenson, A.B. 1985. Early warning systems for the carrot weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and its evaluations in commercial carrots in Ontario. Journal of Economic Entomology, 78: 704–708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevenson, A.B. and Barszcz, E.S. 1997. A comparison of three methods of monitoring the carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 129: 187–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevenson, A.B. and Boivin, G. 1990. Interaction of temperature and photoperiod in control of reproductive diapause in the carrot weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Environmental Entomology, 19: 836–841.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Telfer, Z., Lemay, J., McDonald, M.R., and Scott-Dupree, C. 2018. Assessing new chemical control options for the carrot weevil (Listronotus oregonensis) and carrot rust fly (Psila rosae) in Ontario. Crop Protection, 109: 86–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torres, A.N. and Hoy, C.W. 2002. Sampling scheme for carrot weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in parsley. Environmental Entomology, 31: 1251–1258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wakerley, S.B. 1963. Weather and behaviour in carrot fly (Psila rosae Fab.) (Diptera: Psilidae) with particular reference to oviposition. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 6: 268–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, D.X., Boivin, G., and Stewart, R.K. 1990. Consumption of carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis, (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by four species of carabids on host plants in the laboratory. Entomophaga, 35: 57–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar