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Epicuticular wax on pea plants decreases instantaneous search rate of Hippodamia convergens larvae and reduces attachment to leaf surfaces

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

C.E. Rutledge  and
S.D. Eigenbrode
C.E. Rutledge*
Affiliation:
Plant Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States 83844-2339
S.D. Eigenbrode
Affiliation:
Plant Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States 83844-2339
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]).
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Abstract

Crop cultivar can affect the ability of natural enemies to control pest populations. Peas, Pisum sativum L. (Fabaceae), with a reduced epicuticular wax bloom have reduced pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), populations in the field than peas with a normal-wax bloom. In this paper we use the functional response to examine predation by Hippodamia convergens Guérin de Méneville (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) larvae foraging on pea plants with a normal- and a reduced-wax bloom. We found that Hippodamia convergens shows a Type II functional response on both phenotypes of peas. Hippodamia convergens consumed significantly more pea aphids on reduced-wax plants than on normal-wax plants. The instantaneous search rate, a, was higher for predators on reduced-wax plants, but the handling time, Th, was similar for predators on both wax phenotypes. In addition, we tested the ability of H. convergens larvae to attach to the surface of normal-wax and reduced-wax pea leaves. We found that H. convergens larvae attach more strongly to reduced-wax peas than to normal-wax peas. These results suggest that predation of pea aphid by H. convergens is enhanced on reduced-wax peas due to increased ability of predators to attach to these plants, and as a result, search for and find aphids.

Résumé

Le type de cultivar peut affecter la capacité des ennemis naturels à lutter contre les populations d'insectes nuisibles. Les pois, Pisum sativum L. (Fabaceae), qui ont une production de cire épicuticulaire réduite sont moins parasités par les populations du puceron du pois, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera : Aphididae), en nature que les pois avec une couche cireuse normale. Nous avons examiné la réponse fonctionnelle de la prédation exercée par les larves d'Hippodamia convergens Guérin de Méneville (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) se nourrissant sur des plants de pois à production normale ou réduite de cire. Hippodamia convergens a une réponse fonctionnelle de Type II sur les deux phénotypes de pois, mais consomme significativement plus de pucerons du pois sur les plants moins cireux. La vitesse instantanée de recherche, a, est plus grande chez les prédateurs qui sont sur les plants moins cireux, mais la durée de manipulation, Th, est semblable sur les deux types de plants. Nous avons également examiné la capacité des larves d'H. convergens de s'agripper à la surface de feuilles normales et de feuilles à couche de cire réduite. Les larves d'H. convergens se fixent plus solidement sur ces dernières que sur les feuilles normales. Ces résultats indiquent que la prédation exercée sur les pucerons du pois par H. convergens est favorisée sur les plants à couche de cire réduite parce que les prédateurs ont plus de facilité à s'y agripper et peuvent donc plus aisément chercher et trouver les pucerons.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 135 , Issue 1 , February 2003 , pp. 93 - 101
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2003

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