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EFFICACY OF FORAY 48B (BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER) APPLICATIONS AGAINST THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEMENS) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), TIMED FOR PHENOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF BALSAM FIR AND BLACK SPRUCE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Beresford L. Cadogan  and
Roger D. Scharbach
Beresford L. Cadogan
Affiliation:
Forestry Canada, Forest Pest Management Institute, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7
Roger D. Scharbach
Affiliation:
Forestry Canada, Forest Pest Management Institute, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7
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Abstract

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The insecticide Foray 48B (Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Berliner) was applied undiluted at 30 BIU per ha to control spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), in a mixed boreal forest stand of balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., and black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. When the treatment was timed to coincide with the early flushing of balsam fir shoots, the corrected budworm population reductions were 74 and 52% on balsam fir and black spruce, respectively. This treatment resulted in 19 and 8% defoliation on the two respective species. When the insecticide application was timed later to coincide with the late flushing of black spruce shoots the corrected population reductions were 93% on balsam fir and 72% on black spruce. Defoliation of the two species was 29 and 10% respectively, following this treatment. Larval survival on both species after the spray timed for black spruce (0.8 and 2.2 larvae per 45-cm branch on balsam fir and black spruce, respectively) was significantly less (P = 0.05) than that observed after the spray timed for balsam fir (4.6 and 4.2 larvae per 45-cm branch on the respective host species).The data indicate that the spray timed to correspond with the flushing of black spruce was generally more efficacious than the spray timed to impact on newly flushed balsam fir; nevertheless, the results raise the question as to how B. thuringiensis insecticides impact on early-instar budworm larvae when there is no preferred current year foliage on which the insects can feed.

Résumé

L’insecticide Foray 48B (Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Berliner) a été appliqué sous forme non diluée, à raison de 30 BIU par hectare, dans le but d’assurer le contrôle de la Tordeuse des bourgeons de l’épinette, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), dans une forêt boréale mixte de Sapins baumiers, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill, et d’Épinettes noires, Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. Lorsque le traitement était réglé pour coïncider avec l’apparition des premières pousses de sapin, la réduction corrigée de la population de tordeuses s’est avérée de 74% dans le cas du sapin et de 52% dans le cas de l’épinette. Après ce traitement, la défoliation a été évaluée à 19% chez la première espèce et à 8% chez l’autre. Lorsque le traitement était réglé pour coïncider avec l’apparition tardive des pousses d’épinette, les réductions corrigées de la population ont été évaluées à 93% sur les sapins et à 72% sur les épinettes. La défoliation a été estimée à 29% sur le sapin et à 10% sur l’épinette après ce traitement. La survie des larves sur les deux espèces d’arbres après un traitement réglé en fonction de l’Épinette noire (0,8 larve par 45 cm de branche de sapin et 2,2 larves par 45 cm de branche d’épinette) était significativement moins élevée (P = 0,05) que la survie observée après un traitement réglé en fonction du Sapin baumier (4,6 et 4,2 larves par 45 cm de branche, respectivement).Les données indiquent donc qu’un arrosage réglé pour correspondre à l’apparition des pousses d’Épinette noire est généralement plus efficace qu’un arrosage réglé en fonction des nouvelles pousses du Sapin baumier; néanmoins, ces résultats soulèvent un autre problème, à savoir comment les insecticides à base de B. thuringiensis affectent-ils les jeunes larves de la tordeuse en l’absence de leur nourriture préférée, le feuillage de l’année en cours?

[Traduit par la rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 125 , Issue 3 , June 1993 , pp. 479 - 488
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1993

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