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EFFECTS OF PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF SYNTHETIC PHEROMONE ON MATING DISRUPTION OF SPRUCE BUDWORM MOTHS IN A WIND TUNNEL

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

C.J. Sanders
C.J. Sanders
Affiliation:
Canadian Forest Service - Ontario Region, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7
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Abstract

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Male spruce budworm moths were kept in a wind tunnel for 4 days and assayed each day to determine their ability to locate calling females that were surrounded by rubber septa loaded with synthetic pheromone, a 95:5 blend of E:Z-11-tetradecenal. As the concentration of synthetic pheromone increased, the numbers of males successfully locating females decreased, the latency of response increased, and the speed of flight decreased. At release rates from the septa close to those of a calling female, 6–60 ng/h per septum, most disrupted males flew to a septum instead of the females. At the highest release rate tested, 600 ng/h, many males were inactive or flew to the sides of the tunnel, which indicates sensory fatigue. This effect was more pronounced among males that were continuously exposed to the synthetic pheromone for the 4 days than among males kept in pheromone-free air between assays. About a quarter of the males died or became unable to fly after the 4 days, but there was no change in the proportions of the different responses of males, or in their response times, with increasing age, nor was there evidence that males were conditioned by their experience on previous days. The results led to the conclusion that time-averaged atmospheric concentrations of the synthetic pheromone as high as 20 ng/m3 are necessary to achieve effective disruption of the orientation of male spruce budworm moths to calling female moths.

Résumé

Des mâles de la Tordeuse des bourgeons de l’épinette ont été gardés dans un tunnel d’essaie pendant 4 jours et observés chaque jour pour déterminer leur capacité de localiser des femelles à la recherche de mâles et entourées de septums de caoutchouc garnis d’une phéromone synthétique, un mélange 95 :5 de E : Z-11-tétradécénal. À mesure qu’augmentait la concentration de phéromone synthétique, le nombre de mâles capables de localiser les femelles a diminué, leur temps de latence a augmenté et leur vitesse de vol a diminué. Aux taux de libération de phéromone voisins de ceux d’une femelle à la recherche d’un mâle, 6–60 ng/h par septum, la plupart des mâles perturbés ont volé vers un septum plutôt que vers une femelle. Au plus haut taux de libération utilisé, 600 ng/h, plusieurs mâles sont devenus inactifs ou ont volé vers les côtés du tunnel, ce qui dénote un fatigue sensorielle. Cet effet s’est avéré plus marqué chez les mâles exposés à la phéromone synthétique durant les 4 jours que chez les mâles exposés à de l’air sans phéromone entre les expériences. Environ un quart des mâles sont morts ou sont devenus incapables de voler après les 4 jours, mais l’âge n’influençait pas les proportions des différentes réactions des mâles, ou leur temps de latence, et les mâles ne semblaient pas conditionnés par leur expérience des jours précédents. Ces résultats permettent de croire que des concentrations de phéromone synthétique d’au moins 20 ng/m3 dans l’atmosphère (en moyenne sur une période de temps) sont nécessaires pour qu’il y ait bouleversement de l’orientation des mâles de la Tordeuse des bourgeons de l’épinette vers des femelles à leur recherche.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 128 , Issue 1 , February 1996 , pp. 57 - 66
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1996

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