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EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE ON DIAPAUSE OF TWO APHEL1NUS SPP. (HYMENOPTERA: APHELINIDAE) PARASITIZING THE RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

D.S. Yu
D.S. Yu
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, PO Box 3000, Main, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
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Abstract

The effects of photoperiod and temperature on the diapause of Aphelinus varipes (Focrster) from Kazakhstan and Apheiinus near varipes from Alberta, which both attack Russian wheat aphid, were studied in the laboratory. At 20 °C, 50% of A. varipes entered diapause when the photoperiod was between 12.5L:11.5D and 13L:11D whereas 50% of A. nr. varipes entered diapause when the photoperiod was around 14L:10D. Diapause induction was close to 100% at 11.5L:12.5D for both species. Maximum sensitivity to photoperiod occurred 2 days alter parasitization for A. varipes and 3 days after parasitization for A. nr. varipes. At 30 °C, the proportion of wasps entering diapause was reduced to 40 and 72% for A. varipes and A. nr. varipes, respectively. Exposing diapausing mummies to temperatures from 10 to −10 °C for 4–20 weeks shortened the postdiapause developmental time. Survival was lowered by exposing mummies to −10 °C for over 8 weeks. Postdiapause developmental rate was directly temperature dependent. The lower threshold and thermal constant for postdiapause development were estimated to be 10.3 °C and 189 degree-days (DD) for A. varipes and 7.41 °C and 204 DD for A. nr. varipes.

Résumé

Les effets de la température et de la photopériode sur la diapause d’Aphelinus varipes (Foerster) du Kazakhstan et d’Aphelinus près de varipes d’Alberta, qui attaquent tous deux le Puceron russe du blé. ont été étudiés en laboratoire. A 20°C, 50% des A. varipes entraient en diapause quand la photopériode se situait entre 12,5L : 11,5O et 13L : 11O, alors que 50% des A. près de varipes de l’Alberta entraient en diapause alors que la photopériode était d’environ 14L : 10O. Le déclenchement de la diapause atteignait près de 100% à une photopériode de 11,5L : 12,5O chez les deux espèces. La sensibilité maximale à la photopériode s’est manifestée 2 jours après le début du parasitisme chez A. varipes et 3 jours après le début du parasitisme chez A. près de varipes. À 30°C, la proportion de guêpes entrant en diapause a baissé a 40% dans le cas d’A. varipes et à 72% dans le cas d’A. près de varipes. L’exposition des parasites en diapause à des températures de 10 à −10°C durant 4–20 semaines a provoqué un raccourcissement de la durée du développement après la diapause. La survie avait diminué chez les parasites exposés à −10°C pendant plus de 8 semaines. La vitesse du développement après la diapause s’est avérée directement fonction de la température. Le seuil inférieur de température et la constante thermique reliés au développement suivant la diapause ont été évalués à 10,3°C et 189 degrés-jours dans le cas d’A. varipes et à 7,41°C et 204 degrés-jours dans le cas d’A. près de varipes.

[Traduit par la rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 124 , Issue 5 , October 1992 , pp. 853 - 860
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1992

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