Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T12:13:01.378Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

THE EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD AND EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES ON THE SEASONAL PHENOLOGY OF THE CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Helmut Riedl  and
B. A. Croft
Helmut Riedl
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
B. A. Croft
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The photoperiodic reaction in North American codling moth populations displayed clinal-type variation similar to populations in Europe. A latitudinal shift of 10° to the north corresponded to an increase of 1.25 h in the critical photoperiod. Intrapopulation variance in diapause response appeared to be similar in populations of different origin. The critical photoperiod was not constant for a geographic population but varied between years probably due to the modifying effect of prediapause temperatures. In Michigan and other areas in the northeastern United States with similar climate the codling moth is essentially bivoltine with considerable yearly variability in second generation emergence. A graphic model is presented which gives an estimate of voltinism and the proportion of diapausing first-generation larvae based on the seasonal heat unit total at the time of diapause initiation. From an analysis of original data and historical phenological records an algorithm was developed which describes the relationship between effective temperatures and the variance of second generation emergence and which can predict population curves for climatically different years. Use of this predictive method in conjunction with monitoring information provided by a pheromone trap is discussed.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 110 , Issue 5 , 01 May 1978 , pp. 455 - 470
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1978

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anonymous. 1969. Laboratory for computer graphics' reference manual, Version V. Grad. School of Design, Harvard Univ.Google Scholar
Baskerville, G. L. and Emin, P.. 1969. Rapid estimation of heat accumulation from maximum and minimum temperatures. Ecology 50(3): 514–517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, S. D. and Apple, J. W.. 1961. Effects of temperature and photoperiod on voltinism of geographical populations of the European corn borer, Pyrausta nubilalis. J. econ. Ent. 54: 550–558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Danilevsky, A. S., Goryshin, N. I., and Tyshchenko, V. P.. 1970. Biological rhythms in terrestrial arthropods. A. Rev. Ent. 15: 201–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickson, R. C. 1949. Factors governing the induction of diapause in the oriental fruit moth. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 42: 511–537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garlick, W. G. 1948. A five-year field study of codling moth larval habits and adult emergence. Ottawa Agric. Sci. 28(7): 273–292.Google Scholar
Glenn, P.A. 1922 a. Codling moth investigations of the State Entomologists Office. Bull. Ill. nat. Hist. Surv. 14: 219–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glenn, P.A. 1922 b. Relation of temperature to development of the codling moth. J. econ. Ent. 15: 193–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammar, A. G. 1910. Life history of the codling moth in northwestern Pennsylvania. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. 80, pp. 71–111.Google Scholar
Hammar, A. G. 1912. Life-history studies on the codling moth in Michigan. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. 115 (Part I). 86 pp.Google Scholar
Harwood, R. F. 1968. Basic studies on the influence and significance of photoperiod and light on diapause and development of the codling moth. Final Report Project 1850. (U.S.D.A. Grant 12-14-100-8000.)Google Scholar
Headlee, T. J. 1928. Some data relative to the relationship of temperature to codling moth activity. Jl N.Y. ent. Soc. 36: 147–163.Google Scholar
Headlee, T. J. 1936. A study of codling moth collection and emergence. Bull. N. J. agric. Exp. Stn. 605. 24 pp.Google Scholar
Jenne, E. L. 1909. The codling moth in the Ozarks. Bull. Bur. Ent. U.S. Dep. Agric. 80(1): 1–32.Google Scholar
Jermy, T. 1967. Experiments on the factors governing diapause in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Acta Phytopath. Acad. Sci. Hung. 2(1): 49–60.Google Scholar
Jones, P. R. and Davidson, W. M.. 1913. Life history of the codling moth in the Santa Clara Valley of California. Bull. Bur. Ent. U.S. Dep. Agric. 115(3): 113–181.Google Scholar
Peterson, A. and Haeussler, G. J.. 1928. Determination of the spring brood emergence of oriental peach moths and codling moths by various methods. J. agric. Res. 37(7): 399–417.Google Scholar
Peterson, D. M. and Hamner, W. M.. 1968. Photoperiodic control of diapause in the codling moth. J. Insect Physiol. 14: 519–528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, Ph. A. and Barnes, M. M.. 1975. Host race formation among sympatric apple, walnut and plum populations of the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 68: 1053–1060.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putman, W. L. 1963. The codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (L.) (Lep.: Tortricidae): a review with special reference to Ontario. Proc. ent. Soc. Ont. 93: 22–60.Google Scholar
Quaintance, A. L. and Geyer, E. W.. 1917. Life history of the codling moth in the Pecos Valley, New Mexico. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. 429. 90 pp.Google Scholar
Riedl, H., Croft, B. A., and Howitt, A. J.. 1976. Forecasting codling moth phenology based on pheromone trap catches and physiological time models. Can. Ent. 108(5): 449–460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riedl, H. and Croft, B.A.. 1977. Management of the codling moth in Michigan. Res. Rep. Mich. St. Univ. agric. Exp. Stn (Farm Sci.) 337. 18 pp.Google Scholar
Russ, K. 1966. Der Einfluss der Photoperiodizität auf die Biologie des Apfelwicklers (Carpocapsa pomonella L.). Pflanz. Ber. 33 (Supp): 27–92.Google Scholar
Selkregg, E. R. and Siegler, E. H.. 1928. Life history of the codling moth in Delaware. Tech. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. 42. 60 pp.Google Scholar
Shel'Deshova, G. C. 1962. The importance of day length in the regulation of the number of generations and the diapause of the codling moth. Dok. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 147: 480–483 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Shel'Deshova, G. C. 1965. Geographical variability of the photoperiodic reaction and seasonal development of the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), pp. 5–25. In Ecology of insect pests and entomophages. (In Russian.)Google Scholar
Shel'Deshova, G. C. 1967. Ecological factors determining distribution of the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella L. (Lep.: Tortricidae) in northern and southern hemispheres. Ent. Rev. 46(3): 349–361.Google Scholar
Siegler, E. H. and Plank, H. K.. 1921. Life history of the codling moth in the Grand Valley of Colorado. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. 932. 119 pp.Google Scholar
Slingerland, M. V. 1898. The codling-moth. Bull. Cornell Univ. agric. Exp. Stn 142. 69 pp.Google Scholar
Van Leeuwen, E. R. 1929. Life history of the codling moth in northern Georgia. Tech. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. 90. 94 pp.Google Scholar
VanDenBrink, C. 1974. Western Michigan 7 to 10 year averages of temperature — degree days — precipitation. U.S. Dep. Comm., Natl. Weather Serv. (Central Reg.). 11 pp.Google Scholar
VanDenBrink, C., Strommen, N. D., and Kenworthy, A. L.. 1971. Growing degree days in Michigan. Res. Rep. Mich. St. Univ. agric. Exp. Stn (Farm Sci.) 131. 48 pp.Google Scholar
Wildbolz, Th. and Riggenbach, W.. 1969. Untersuchungen über die Induktion und die Beendigung der Diapause bei Apfelwicklem aus der Zentral-und Ostschweiz. Mitt. Schweiz. ent. Ges. 42: 58–78.Google Scholar