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Effect of age and hunger on host-feeding behaviour by female Trichogramma euproctidis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 January 2013

Émilie Lessard  and
Guy Boivin
Émilie Lessard*
Affiliation:
Department of Natural Resource Sciences (Entomology), Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada
Guy Boivin
Affiliation:
Horticultural Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 430 Boulevard Gouin, St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Québec J3B 3E6, Canada
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]).
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Abstract

Adult parasitoid females can obtain proteins and lipid by consuming the haemolymph of their host. In Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) species, host feeding on the host egg occurs after oviposition and leads to smaller offspring. We tested the effect of age and hunger on host-feeding behaviour of female Trichogramma euproctidis Girault. Young and old females, either starved, water fed, or honey fed, were observed and the host-feeding frequency, duration, distribution, and number of hosts used for nutrition were measured. The sex ratio (proportion of males) allocated to parasitised hosts where host feeding occurred and time taken to parasitise 10 hosts (indicator of female mobility) were also noted. The majority of females host fed on the first host encountered. Age had no impact on frequency, duration, number of hosts used, and mobility of T. euproctidis. Starved females host fed longer and were less mobile. The sex ratio of the progeny emerging from the first host parasitised was more male biased when host feeding occurred. Host feeding had no effect on the sex ratio deposited elsewhere in the sequence of hosts encountered. Age of female had no effect on host feeding, possibly because host feeding incurs little cost for this species. To host feed on the first host parasitised, in which a male is allocated, is less costly in terms of fitness and represents a strategic choice for the female.

Résumé

Les femelles parasitoïdes adultes peuvent obtenir des protéines et des lipides en consommant l'hémolymphe de leur hôte. Chez Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), la nutrition sur l’œuf hôte se fait après la ponte et cause une réduction de la taille de la progéniture. Nous avons testé l'effet de l’âge et de la faim sur le comportement de nutrition sur l'hôte des femelles Trichogramma euproctidis Girault. Des femelles jeunes et vieilles ainsi que des femelles à jeun, nourries à l'eau ou nourries au miel ont été observées et la fréquence, la durée, la distribution de la nutrition sur l'hôte ainsi que le nombre d'hôtes utilisés pour se nourrir ont été mesurés. Le ratio des sexes (proportion de mâles) et le temps pris pour parasiter une séquence de dix hôtes différents (indicateur de la mobilité de la femelle) ont aussi été notés. La majorité des femelles se sont nourries sur le premier hôte rencontré. L’âge n'a pas eu d'impact sur la fréquence, la durée, le nombre d'hôtes utilisés pour la nutrition et la mobilité de T. euproctidis. Les femelles à jeun se sont nourries plus longtemps et avaient une moins bonne mobilité. La nutrition sur l'hôte était plus fréquente sur le premier œuf hôte rencontré et la proportion de mâles alloués sur cet hôte était plus grande. La nutrition sur l'hôte n'a pas eu d'effet sur le ratio des sexes déposé ailleurs dans la séquence d'hôtes rencontrés. Contrairement aux prédictions des modèles, l’âge de la femelle n'a pas eu d'effet sur la nutrition sur l'hôte possiblement parce que la nutrition engendre des coûts minimes chez cette espèce. Se nourrir sur le premier hôte parasité, dans lequel un mâle a été alloué, est moins coûteux en terme de valeur adaptative et représente un choix stratégique pour la femelle.

Type
Behaviour & Ecology
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 145 , Issue 1 , February 2013 , pp. 53 - 60
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2013

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