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DIATOMACEOUS EARTH TO CONTROL CRYPTOLESTES FERRUGINEUS (COLEOPTERA: CUCUJIDAE) IN STORED BARLEY IN FARM GRANARIES1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Paul G. Fields  and
Zlatko Korunic
Paul G. Fields*
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
Zlatko Korunic
Affiliation:
Hedley Technologies Inc., 14 Grenwich Drive, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1H 8B8
*
2 Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed (E-mail: [email protected]).
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Abstract

Granary trials to determine the efficacy of an enhanced diatomaceous earth (DE) formulation (Protect-It™) at 0.15 kg DE/t grain to control grain-feeding beetles in barley, Hordeum vulgare L. (Poaceae), were conducted at Glenlea, Manitoba. During the test, the grain moisture content ranged from 11 to 13%, and grain temperature ranged from 27 to 2 °C. The bulk density of barley was reduced 10–20 kg/m3 by the addition of diatomaceous earth. Adults of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), were released onto the top surface of the grain of each granary, producing an average density of approximately 4 insects/kg grain. Using Berlese funnels to extract insects from grain samples there was a 95% reduction in adults and an 80% reduction in larvae found in treated grain compared with untreated grain, 1 month after releasing insects into the grain. There was a 95% or greater decrease in the total number of insects caught with probe pitfall traps in the treated barley compared with the untreated barley for all sampling dates. For the confined populations, 200 adult C. ferrugineus or Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (red flour beetle) were held in screened jars in the grain until the end of October, and there was over a 99% reduction in both insect species, compared with insects held on untreated grain. These results indicate that this diatomaceous earth formulation can control C. ferrugineus in barley in granaries at 0.15 kg DE/t grain.

Résumé

Des essais en silo de grain ont été réalisés à Glenlea, au Manitoba afin de déterminer l’efficacité d’une formulation améliorée de terre de diatomées (Protect-ItMC) à 0,15 kg terre de distomées/t de grain dans la lutte contre les coléoptères granivores de l’orge, Hordeum vulgare L. (Poaceae). Durant l’essai, la teneur en eau du grain a varié entre 11 et 13%, la température variant de 27 à 2 °C. Le poids spécifique apparent de l’orge a diminué entre 10 et 20 kg/m3 suite à l’addition de la terre de diatomées. Des adultes du cucujide roux, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), ont été relâchés à la surface du grain de chaque silo à grain, pour atteindre une répartition de 4 insectes/kg de grain. L’extraction des insectes dans les échantillons de grain, à l’aide d’extracteurs de Berlese, a démontré une réduction de population de 95% chez les adultes et de 80% chez les larves présents dans le grain traité par rapport au grain non-traité, un mois après l’introduction des insectes dans le grain. La baisse du nombre d’insectes pris aux pièges à fosse cylindriques dans l’orge traité était de 95% ou plus, par rapport à l’orge non-traité et pour toutes les dates d’échantillonnage. Des populations captives de 200 adultes de C. ferrugineus ou de Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae), ont été renfermées dans des bocaux à couvercle grillagé, gardés dans le grain jusqu’à la fin d’octobre. Ces insectes ont affiché une mortalité de 99% chez les deux espèces par rapport aux insectes gardés dans le grain non-traité. Les résultats ont démontré que cette formulation de terre de diatomées était efficace à 0,15 kg terre de diatomées/t de grain contre C. ferrugineus dans l’orge en silo à grain.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 132 , Issue 2 , April 2000 , pp. 247 - 258
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2000

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Footnotes

1

Contribution No. 1756 of the Cereal Research Centre, Winnipeg.

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