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DIAPAUSE INDUCTION AND POST-DIAPAUSE EMERGENCE IN TRICHOGRAMMA MINUTUM RILEY (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE): THE ROLE OF HOST SPECIES, TEMPERATURE, AND PHOTOPERIOD

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

J.E. Laing  and
J.E. Corrigan
J.E. Laing
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
J.E. Corrigan
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Abstract

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Trichogramma minutum Riley entered diapause, in the prepupal stage, in eggs of Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria Guenée held at 15°C, 12L:12D, but failed to do so in eggs of Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller), Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), or Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) held under these conditions. The parasitoids emerged without diapause from eggs of all host species held at 25°C, 16L:8D, indicating a role of temperature or photoperiod, or both, in the diapause of the parasitoids in eggs of L. fiscellaria held at 15°C, 12L:12D. Percentage emergence of parasitoids from eggs of L. fiscellaria was virtually the same (>80%) after passing the winter outdoors or after approximately 3 months at 2 °C in the laboratory as it was when reared indoors in this host at 25°C, 16L:8D. Emergence of T. minutum was very poor (<20%) after long-term, low-temperature storage in eggs of C. fumiferana, E. kuehniella, or S. cerealella. Apparently, T. minutum must parasitize diapause host eggs in order to enter diapause, and good survival after long-term low-temperature storage is possible only when T. minutum is in diapause. Trichogramma minutum will enter diapause in L. fiscellaria after 14 days at 15°C, 12L:12D, but the parasitoids need a period of storage at 2°C, 0L:24D for a high percentage of emergence to happen. Over 50% emergence was recorded for T. minutum, held for 300 days in eggs of L. fiscellaria.

Résumé

Des Trichogramma minutum Riley sont entrés en diapause avant la nymphose dans des oeufs de Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria Guenée gardés à 15°C, à une photopériode 12L : 12O, mais n’ont pas subi de diapause dans des oeufs d’Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller), Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) ou Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) gardés dans les mêmes conditions. Tous les parasitoïdes ont émergé sans subir de diapause des oeufs de toutes les espèces hôtes gardés a 25°C, à une photopériode de 16L : 8O, ce qui indique que la température et (ou) la photopériode ont un rôle à jouer dans le déclenchement de la diapause des parasitoïdes dans les oeufs as L. fiscellaria gardés a 15°C, 12L : 12O. Le pourcentage de parasitoïdes émergés des oeufs de L. fiscellaria s’est avéré à peu près le même (>80%) après l’hiver à l’extérieur ou après une période de 3 mois en laboratoire à 2°C qu’après un hiver à l’intérieur à25 °C, 16L : 8O. Très peu de guêpes (<20%) ont réussi à parvenir à l’émergence après un long séjour à température froide dans des oeufs de C. fumiferana, E. kuehniella ou S. cerealella. Il semble que T. minutum doive parasiter les oeufs en diapause de son hôte avant de pouvoir entrer en diapause et que le taux de survie après un long séjour à température faible dans les oeufs de l’hôte ne puisse être élevé que lorsque la guêpe est en diapause. Trichogramma minutum peut entrer en diapause dans les oeufs de L. fiscellaria après 14 jours à 15°C, à une photopériode 12L : 12O, mais les parasitoïdes ont besoin d’une période à 2°C, 0L : 24O, pour que leur taux d’émergence soit élevé. Plus de 50% des T. minutum gardés durant 300 jours dans des oeufs de L. fiscellaria sont parvenues à l’émergence.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 127 , Issue 1 , February 1995 , pp. 103 - 110
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1995

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