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DEFORMITY OF SUGAR MAPLE CAUSED BY BUD FEEDING INSECTS1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Gary A. Simmons  and
Fred B. Knight
Gary A. Simmons
Affiliation:
School of Natural Resources, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Fred B. Knight
Affiliation:
School of Natural Resources, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Abstract

Injury to sugar maple buds, shoots, twigs, and stems resulted in forked trees in Upper Michigan. Six species of insects were observed to feed on buds: The lepidopterans Proteoteras moffatiana Fernald (Olethreutidae), Obrussa ochrefasciella (Chambers) (Nepticulidae), Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) and Cenopis pettitana (Robinson) (Tortricidae), and the coleopterans Phyllobius oblongus (L.) (Curculionidae) and Platycerus virescens (F.) (Lucanidae). Twig and shoot damage resulted from severed shoots, twig cankers, and scarring resembling weevil feeding injury. Stem damage was caused by breakage and browsing animals. Bud injury averaged 5.80% per year, twig damage 3.18% per year, and stem breakage 0.36% per year. Injuries to terminals resulted in 85% forked stems, 8% single stems, 3% stunting, and 4% unaffected.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 105 , Issue 12 , December 1973 , pp. 1559 - 1566
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1973

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