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CONTROL BY FUMIGANTS OF WINTER EGGS OF EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE), ON HARVESTED APPLES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

D.C. Herne  and
E. J. Bond
D.C. Herne
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada, Research Station, Vineland Station, Ontario L0R 2E0
E. J. Bond
Affiliation:
Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, London, Ontario N6A 5B7
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Abstract

Seven fumigants, used alone or in combination, were tested in the laboratory for toxicity to winter eggs of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), on harvested apples cv. Red Delicious. Fumigation with ethylene dibromide (EDB) 6 mg/l. for 4 h at 25°C, and CO2 90% for 72 h at 18°C or for 48 h at 25°C killed 100% of the eggs; CO2 75% for 60 to 168 h killed over 98% of the eggs. No injury or off-flavour of fruit resulted from the treatments though the extended period of storage, ca. 200 days, to break diapause in the eggs did reduce the fruit quality in the usual way. Post treatment storage under controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions did not increase the percentage of eggs killed with 75% CO2. Mixing CO2 with EDB, ethylene oxide, or dichlorvos did not increase egg mortality. Ethylene oxide, dichlorvos, methyl bromide (MBr), and HCN were each ineffective and combinations of MBr + EDB, and MBr + acrylonitrile were also ineffective. Carbon dioxide is a safe, effective fumigant for controlling P. ulmi winter eggs and other pests on harvested apples.

Résumé

On a testé sept fumigants, utilisés isolément ou ensemble, en laboratoire pour évaluer leur toxicité sur des œufs d’hiver du tétranyque rouge du pommier (Panonychus ulmi (Koch)) déposés sur des pommes Red Delicious entreposées. La fumigation au bromure d’éthylène (BE) à raison de 6 mg/l. pendant 4 heures à 25°C, et au CO2 à 90% pendant 72 heures à 18°C ou pendant 48 heures à 25°C a tué tous les œufs, alors que celle au CO2 à 75% pendant 60 à 168 heures détruisait plus de 98% des œufs. Les traitements n’ont pas endommagé les pommes ni conféré de saveur anormale, même si la longue période de conservation (environ 200 jours) nécessaire pour lever la diapause des œufs a réduit la qualité des pommes de la façon habituelle. La conservation consécutive aux traitements en atmosphère contrôlée n’a pas accru le taux de mortalité des œufs tués par le CO2 à 75%. Le mélange du CO2 avec du BE, de l’oxyde d’éthylène ou du dichlorvos n’a pas augmenté la mortalité des œufs. L’oxyde d’éthylène, le dichlorvos, le bromure de méthyle (BM) et le HCN employés seuls ont été inefficaces, de même que les combinaisons de BM + BE et de BM + acrylonitrile. Le bioxyde de carbone s’avère un fumigant efficace et sûr pour détruire les œufs d’hiver de P. ulmi et d’autres ravageurs des pommes entreposées.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 113 , Issue 2 , February 1981 , pp. 121 - 126
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1981

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