Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T20:24:10.509Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

CONTAMINATION OF MUSTARD AND CANOLA SEED BY FRASS OF PAINTED LADY CATERPILLARS, VANESSA CARDUI (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

J. R. Byers ,
B. T. Roth ,
R. D. Thomson  and
A. K. Topinka
J. R. Byers
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada, Research Station, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1.
B. T. Roth
Affiliation:
Alberta Agriculture, Agriculture Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4C7
R. D. Thomson
Affiliation:
Farming for the Future, Agricultural Research Council of Alberta, Research Station, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1
A. K. Topinka
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada, Research Station, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

A substantial amount of the mustard and a small amount of the canola seed produced in the prairie provinces in 1983 was downgraded due to excessive content of insect frass. Because the frass was similar in size to the seed, much of it was not removed by the usual cleaning processes. Most seriously affected was mustard seed which has a contamination limit of 1 frass pellet per 500 g for grade Nos. 1, 2 and 3 Canada and 0.005% by weight for No. 4 Canada (Can. Grain Comm. 1983). Initially the limit for canola was 0.02% by weight based on tolerances established for rodent (vertebrate) excreta. Because insect (non-vertebrate) excreta is less detrimental than rodent excreta, the limits for non-vertebrate excreta in canola marketed within Canada were increased to 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% for grades No. 1, 2 and 3 respectively (per. comm., L. Sequin, Deputy Director, Standards and Technology, Canadian Grain Commission). The previous limit of 0.02% remains in effect for canola entering the export market. Similar consideration was given to revising the limit for insect excreta in mustard seed but no change was made because the quality criteria are quite different; canola is extracted for its oil whereas mustard seed may undergo little processing before being consumed.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 116 , Issue 10 , October 1984 , pp. 1431 - 1432
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Brown, F. M. 1974. An invasion of eastern Colorado by Vanessa cardui (Nymphalidae). J. Lepid. Soc. 28: 175.Google Scholar
Canadian Grain Commission. 1983. Official Grain Inspector's Manual, Office of the Chief Grain Inspector, Inspection Division, Winnipeg, Manitoba.Google Scholar
Can. Agric. Insect Pest Rev. 1968–1983. The Canadian Agricultural Insect Pest Review. Vols. 46–61. Agric. Can.Google Scholar
Can. Pest Insect Rev. 1953–1967. The Canadian Pest Insect Review. Vols. 31–45. Can. Dep. Agric.Google Scholar
Coop. Econ. Insect Rep. 1973. Cooperative Economic Insect Report. Vol. 23. United States Dep. Agric.Google Scholar
Giuliani, D. 1977. Notes on the 1973 migration of Vanessa cardui (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Pan-Pacif. Ent. 53: 257.Google Scholar
Howe, W. H. 1975. The Butterflies of North America. Doubleday, NY. 633 pp. and 97 pl.Google Scholar
Johnson, C. G. 1969. Migration and dispersal of insects by flight. Methuen, London. 763 pp.Google Scholar
Morris, R. F. 1942. The use of frass in the identification of forest insect damage. Can. Ent. 74: 164–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myres, M. T. A southward migration of painted lady butterflies over southern Alberta in the fall of 1983. Can. Field Nat. In press.Google Scholar
Shapiro, A. M. 1980. Evidence for a return migration of Vanessa cardui in northern California (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Pan-Pacif. Ent. 56: 319–322.Google Scholar
Thomas, A. G. 1980. Relative abundance of Canada thistle on cultivated land in Canada. Proc. Canada Thistle Symp., Agric. Can. Res. Stn., Regina, Sask. pp. 167–181.Google Scholar
Tilden, J. W. 1962. General characteristics of the movements of Vanessa cardui (L.). J. Res. Lepid. 1: 43–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiss, H. B. and Boyd, W. M.. 1950. Insect feculae. Jl N.Y. ent. Soc. 58: 154–168.Google Scholar
Williams, C. B. 1970. The migration of the painted lady butterfly, Vanessa cardui (Nymphalidae), with special reference to North America. J. Lepid. Soc. 24: 157–175.Google Scholar