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Comparison of two different box styles for mass rearing of Sasajiscymnus tsugae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a biological control agent of hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Huge E. Conway ,
Karen B. Burton ,
Carolyn A. Hendrix ,
LayLa W. Burgess  and
Joseph D. Culin
Huge E. Conway*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Soils, and Plant Science, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States of America
Karen B. Burton
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Soils, and Plant Science, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States of America
Carolyn A. Hendrix
Affiliation:
South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Marine Resources Division, Charleston, South Carolina 29422, United States of America
LayLa W. Burgess
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Soils, and Plant Science, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States of America
Joseph D. Culin
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Soils, and Plant Science, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States of America
*
2 Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]).
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Abstract

The hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand, is the number one threat to hemlock (genus Tsuga Carr.; Pinaceae) forests in eastern North America. Sasajiscymnus tsugae (Sasaji et McClure), an introduced coccinellid from Japan, is a promising biological control agent for HWA. In mass rearing of S. tsugae, the main goals are to maximize adult beetle production, reduce the amount of human labor, and minimize production costs. Significantly higher adult S. tsugae production and survivorship from egg to adult were observed in a modified rearing box compared with a conventional rearing box. The 30 modified boxes produced 4400 more beetles than the 30 conventional boxes. Over time, egg to adult survivorship decreased because of larval cannibalism at densities above 1650 larvae per rearing box. Additionally, warmer weather conditions increased the number of insect and spider predators incidentally introduced via HWA-infested hemlock twigs. There was no significant difference in the time required to prepare modified and conventional boxes for initial introduction of eggs, but significantly less time was required to add water, honey, and HWA-infested twigs to the modified boxes. The additional cost and time required to add modifications to each box was compensated for by the increased number of adult S. tsugae produced and the time saved during the 35 days of scheduled maintenance as eggs hatched and larvae developed to adults.

Résumé

L'adelgide laineux de la pruche (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand, constitue la plus grande menace aux forêts de pruches (Tsuga Carr.; Pinaceae) dans la zone est de l'Amérique du Nord. Sasajiscymnus tsugae (Sasaji et McClure), une coccinelle introduite du Japon, offre de bonnes possibilités pour le contrôle naturel des HWA. Dans l'élevage en masse des S. tsugae, on cherche avant tout à maximiser la production des coléoptères adultes et à réduire au minimum le coût de production et l'effort humain qu'il faut investir. On a constaté que la production et la survie jusqu'à l'âge adulte des coléoptères élevés dans les 30 boîtes d'élevage modifiées étaient nettement plus importantes que dans les 30 boîtes conventionnelles, soit 4400 coléoptères de plus. Avec le temps, on a constaté une baisse de l'ordre de 1650 larves par boîte dans le taux de survie à l'âge adulte, laquelle s'expliquerait surtout par le cannibalisme des larves. En plus, le climat plus chaud a eu pour conséquence de favoriser la croissance de la population d'insectes et d'araignées prédateurs dans les branches de pruches infestées par les HWA. En ce qui concerne la durée de préparation des deux types de boîtes d'élevage pour la pondaison des œufs, la différence n'était pas majeure. Par contre, on met beaucoup moins de temps à introduire de l'eau, du miel, et des branches de pruches infestées dans les boîtes modifiées. Les coût et effort supplémentaires qu'exige la modification des boîtes d'élevage sont largement compensés par le rendement supérieur en S. tsugae adultes et par les économies de temps et d'effort réalisées au cours des 35 jours d'entretien obligatoire à partir de l'éclosion des œufs jusqu'à la maturation des larves.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 137 , Issue 5 , October 2005 , pp. 622 - 629
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2005

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Footnotes

1

Technical Contribution No. 5048 of the South Carolina Agriculture and Forestry Research System, Clemson University.

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