Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T04:08:13.299Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Braconid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of Nearctic Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with a summary of other parasitoid families attacking Choristoneura

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

J. L. Fernández-Triana  and
J. T. Huber
J. L. Fernández-Triana
Affiliation:
Department of Integrative Biology, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
J. T. Huber*
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen Street East Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 2E5
*
1 Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Illustrated identification keys are given for the superfamilies/families of insect parasitoids and the subfamilies, genera, and species of Braconidae reared from species of Choristoneura Lederer in the Nearctic Region. Goniozus floridanus (Ashmead) (Chrysidoidea: Bethylidae) represents the third superfamily of Hymenoptera, and Colpoclypeus florus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is added to the list of Chalcidoidea recorded from Choristoneura. Fifty species of Braconidae in 18 genera and 9 subfamilies are recorded parasitizing 11 Choristoneura species; almost half belong to the Microgastrinae. Eight braconids (16%) were found for the first time as parasitoids of Choristoneura. The first host record is given for Oncophanes californicus (Ashmead) (Hormiinae). Known insect parasitoids of Choristoneura spp. in the Nearctic Region include 230 species in 106 genera, about 75% of which attack only 1 or 2 Choristoneura species each. An additional 36 species are considered incorrectly associated with Choristoneura, an error rate of 14%. The Banchinae (Ichneumonidae, especially Glypta Gravenhorst), Pimplinae (Ichneumonidae), and Microgastrinae (Braconidae) made up the greatest proportion of parasitoids. No parasitoids have yet been recorded from five Nearctic Choristoneura species.

Résumé

Nous présentons des clés d'identification illustrées pour les superfamilles/familles d'insectes parasitoïdes et pour les sous-familles, genres et espèces de Braconidae élevés sur Choristoneura Lederer (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) dans la région néarctique. Goniozus floridanus (Ashmead) (Chrysidoidea: Bethylidae) représente une troisième superfamille d'hyménoptères et Colpoclypeus florus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) s’ajoute à la liste des Chalcidoidea retrouvés sur Choristoneura. Cinquante espèces de Braconidae réparties en 18 genres et 9 sous-familles parasitent 11 espèces de Choristoneura, presque la moitié d'entre elles appartenant aux Microgastrinae. Huit braconidés (16%) sont cités pour la première fois comme parasitoïdes de Choristoneura. Nous mentionnons un premier hôte pour Oncophanes californicus (Ashmead) (Hormiinae). Les insectes parasitoïdes connus des Choristoneura néarctiques comprennent 230 espèces en 106 genres. Environ 75% des espèces de parasitoïdes attaquent chacune seulement 1 ou 2 espèces de Choristoneura. Trente-six espèces additionnelles sont considérées faussement associées à Choristoneura, un taux d'erreur de 14%, Les Branchinae (Ichneumonidae, particulièrement Glypta Gravenhorst), les Pimplinae (Ichneumonidae) et les Microgastrinae représentent la plus grande partie des parasitoïdes. Aucun parasitoïde n’a encore été trouvé chez cinq espèces néarctiques de Choristoneura.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 142 , Issue 4 , August 2010 , pp. 295 - 343
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Achterberg, C. van. 1979. A revision of the subfamily Zelinae auct. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 122: 241–479.Google Scholar
Achterberg, C. van. 1997 a. Revision of the Haliday collection of Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) No. 314.Google Scholar
Achterberg, C. van. 1997 b. Subfamily Orgilinae. In Manual of the New World genera of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Edited by Wharton, R.A., Marsh, P.M., and Sharkey, M.J.. Special Publication No. 1, International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington, D.C. pp. 397–400.Google Scholar
Achterberg, C. van. 2003. Western Palaearctic genera of the subfamily Microgastrinae: a reappraisal of the generic and tribal division (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). In: Parasitic wasps: evolution, systematics, biodiversity and biological control. Edited by Melika, G. and Thuróczy, C.. Agroinform, Budapest, Hungary. pp. 19–35.Google Scholar
Ahlstrom, K.R. 2005. Revision of the subfamily Macrocentrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in America North of Mexico. Thomas Say Publications in Entomology: Monographs. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, Maryland.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartlett, B.R., Clausen, C.P., DeBach, P., Goeden, R., Legner, E.F., McMurtry, J.A. and Oatman, E.R. 1978. Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: a world review. Agriculture Handbook No. 480, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Belokobylskij, S.A. 1995. Revision of the Palaearctic species of the genus Clinocentrus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Journal of Natural History, 29: 803–836. doi:10.1080/00222939500770261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belokobylskij, S.A., and Tobias, V.I. 1986. Doryctinae. In Opredelitel Nasekomych Evrospeiskoi Tsasti SSSR 3, Peredpontdatokrylye 4. Edited by Medvedev, G.S.. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR No. 145, Nauka Press, Leningrad, SSSR. pp. 21–72.Google Scholar
Bennett, A.M.R. 2008. Review and identification keys to the ichneumonid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Nearctic Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 140: 1–47. doi:10.4039/N07-011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, J.W. 2005. World catalogue of insects. Vol. 5. Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cossentine, J., Jensen, L., Deglow, E., Bennett, A., Goulet, H., Huber, J., and O'Hara, J. 2004. The parasitoid complex affecting Choristoneura rosaceana and Pandemis limitata in organically managed apple orchards. Biocontrol (Dordrecht), 49: 359–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dogganlar, M., and Beirne, B.P. 1978. Fruit tree leafrollers (Lepidoptera) and parasites (Hymenoptera) introduced in the Vancouver district, British Columbia. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 75: 23–24.Google Scholar
Evans, H.E. 1978. The Bethylidae of America north of Mexico. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute (Gainesville) No. 27.Google Scholar
Eveleigh, E.E., McCann, K.S., McCarthy, P.C., Pollock, S.J., Lucarotti, C.J., Morin, B., et al. 2007. Fluctuations in density of an outbreak species drive diversity cascades in food webs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104: 16976–16981. PMID:17940003 doi:10.1073/pnas.0704301104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fischer, M. 1968. Über gezüchtete Raupenwespen (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Pflanzenschutzberichte, 37: 97–140.Google Scholar
Freeman, T.N. 1967. On coniferophagous species of Choristoneura (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in North America. I. Some new forms of Choristoneura allied to C. fumiferana. The Canadian Entomologist, 99: 449–455. doi:10.4039/Ent99449-5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huber, J., and Hassan, S.A. 1991. Biological control of tortricid pests in stone fruits. In Tortricid pests: their biology, natural enemies and control. Edited by Geest, L.P.S. van der and Evenhuis, H.H.. World Crop Pests. Vol. 5. Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. pp. 497–506.Google Scholar
Huber, J.T., Eveleigh, E., Pollock, S., and McCarthy, P. 1996. The chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 128: 1167–1220. doi:10.4039/Ent1281167-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huddleston, T. 1980. A revision of the western Palaearctic species of the genus Meteorus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 41: 1–58.Google Scholar
Huflejt, T. 1997. Ichneumonoidea. In Wykaz zwierzat Polski. Tom. 5: czesc 32/24: Hymenoptera—poslowie. [Checklist of animals of Poland. Vol. 5: part 32/24: Hymenoptera—postscript]. Edited by Razowski, J.. Wydawnictwa Instytutu Systematyki i Ewolucji Zwierzat PAN, Krakow, Poland. pp. 75–144.Google Scholar
Kamijo, K. 1973. The parasite complex of Choristoneura diversana Huebner injurious to Todofir, Abies sachalinensis Masters. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 17: 77–83. [In Japanese.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kopelke, J.P. 1994. Der Schmarotzerkomplex (Brutparasiten und Parasitoide) der gallenbildenden Pontania-Arten (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica. 73: 83–133.Google Scholar
LaGasa, E., Murray, T.M., Hitchcox, M., and Pauley-Cawley, A. 2000. Washington exotic defoliator parasitoid survey: 1999 entomology report—Publication 035 (N/2/00), Washington State Department of Agriculture.Google Scholar
Madsen, H.F., and Borden, A.D. 1949. The eyespotted bud moth on prune in California. Journal of Economic Entomology, 42: 915–920.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maetô, K. 1990. Systematic studies on the tribe Meteorini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Japan. VII. The group of Meteorus ictericus and M. rubens. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 58: 81–94. [In Japanese.]Google Scholar
Marsh, P.M. 1979. Braconidae. Aphidiidae. Hybrizontidae. In Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Edited by Krombein, K.V., Hurd, P.D. Jr, Smith, D.R., and Burks, B.D.. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. pp. 144–313.Google Scholar
Marsh, P.M. 1997. Subfamily Doryctinae. In Manual of the New World genera of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Edited by Wharton, R.A., Marsh, P.M., and Sharkey, M.J.. Special Publication No. 1, International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington, D.C. pp. 207–233.Google Scholar
Marsh, P.M., and Strazanac, J.S. 2009. A taxonomic review of the genus Spathius Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in North America and comments on the biological control of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 18: 80–112.Google Scholar
Mason, W.R.M. 1974. The Apanteles species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) attacking Lepidoptera in the micro-habitat of the spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 106: 1087–1102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mason, W.R.M. 1978. Ichneumonoid parasites (Hymenoptera) accidentally introduced into Canada. The Canadian Entomologist, 110: 603–608. doi:10.4039/Ent110603-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mason, W.R.M. 1981. The polyphyletic nature of Apanteles Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): a phylogeny and reclassification of Microgastrinae. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada No. 115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, C.A., and Renault, T.R. 1976. Incidence of parasitoids attacking endemic spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations in New Brunswick. The Canadian Entomologist, 108: 1045–1052. doi:10.4039/Ent1081045-10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mills, N.J., and Carl, K.P. 1991. Parasitoids and predators. In Tortricid pests: their biology, natural enemies and control. Edited by Geest, L.P.S. van der and Evenhuis, H.H.. World Crop Pests. Vol. 5. Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. pp. 235–252.Google Scholar
Mills, N.J., and Kenis, M. 1991. A study of the parasitoid complex of the European fir budworm, Choristoneura murinana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidea), and its relevance for biological control of related hosts. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 81: 429–436. doi:10.1017/S0007485300031990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muesebeck, C.F.W. 1923. A revision of the North American species of Ichneumon-flies belonging to the genus Meteorus Haliday. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 63:1–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muesebeck, C.F.W. 1925. A revision of the parasitic wasps of the genus Microbracon occurring in America north of Mexico. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 67:1–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muesebeck, C.F.W. 1927. A revision of the parasitic wasps of the subfamily Braconinae occurring in America north of Mexico. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 69: 1–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muesebeck, C.F.W. 1935. On the genus Oncophanes Foerster, with descriptions of two new related genera (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 28: 241–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muesebeck, C.F.W. 1965. Two new braconid parasites of the spruce budworm (Hymenoptera). Entomological News, 76: 71–74.Google Scholar
Nixon, G.E.J. 1968. A revision of the genus Microgaster Latreille (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 22: 1–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Hara, J.E. 2005. A review of the tachinid parasitoids (Diptera: Tachinidae) of Nearctic Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with keys to adults and puparia. Zootaxa No. 938. pp. 1–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powell, J.A., and Miller, W.E. 1978. Nearctic pine tip moths of the genus Rhyacionia: biosystematic review (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae, Olethreutinae). United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook No. 514.Google Scholar
Quicke, D. 1997. Subfamily Braconinae. In Manual of the New World genera of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Edited by Wharton, R.A., Marsh, P.M., and Sharkey, M.J.. Special Publication No. 1, International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington, D.C. pp. 149–174.Google Scholar
Saunders, C.J. 1991. Biology of North American spruce budworms. In Tortricid pests; their biology, natural enemies and control. Edited by Geest, L.P.S. van der and Evenhuis, H.H.. World Crop Pests. Vol. 5. Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. pp. 579–620.Google Scholar
Schaupp, W.C. Jr, 1991. Host associations in sympatric populations of Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman and C. retiniana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in south-central Oregon at high population densities. The Canadian Entomologist, 123:713–715. doi:10.4039/Ent123713-3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaupp, W.C. Jr, Volney, W.J.A., and Waters, W.E. 1991. Parasitoids of endemic and epidemic populations of Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman and Choristoneura retiniana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in southern Oregon. The Canadian Entomologist, 123: 1095–1102. doi:10.4039/Ent1231095-5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharkey, M.J. 1985. Notes on the genera Bassus Fabricius and Agathis Latreille, with a description of Bassus arthurellus n.sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 117: 1497–1502. doi:10.4039/Ent1171497-12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharkey, M.J. 1992. Cladistics and tribal classification of the Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Journal of Natural History, 26: 425–447. doi:10.1080/00222939200770251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharkey, M.J. 1997. Subfamily Agathidinae. In Manual of the New World genera of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Edited by Wharton, R.A., Marsh, P.M., and Sharkey, M.J.Special Publication No. 1, International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington, D.C. pp. 69–84.Google Scholar
Sharkey, M.J., and Wharton, R.A. 1997. Morphology and terminology. In Manual of the New World genera of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Edited by Wharton, R.A., Marsh, P.M., and Sharkey, M.J.. Special Publication No. 1, International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington, D.C. pp. 19–63.Google Scholar
Shaw, S.R. 1997 a. Subfamily Meteorinae. In Manual of the New World genera of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Edited by Wharton, R.A., Marsh, P.M., and Sharkey, M.J.. Special Publication No. 1, International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington, D.C. pp. 327–330.Google Scholar
Shaw, S.R. 1997 b. Subfamily Rogadinae. In Manual of the New World genera of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Edited by Wharton, R.A., Marsh, P.M., and Sharkey, M.J.. Special Publication No. 1, International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington, D.C. pp. 403–412.Google Scholar
Skevington, J.H., Kehlmaier, C., and Stahls, G. 2007. DNA Barcoding: mixed results for bigheaded flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Zootaxa No. 1423. pp. 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, M.A., Woodley, N.E., Janzen, D.H., Hallwachs, W., and Hebert, P.D.N. 2006. DNA barcodes reveal cryptic host-specificity within the presumed polyphagous members of a genus of parasitoid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103: 3657–3662. PMID:16505365 doi:10.1073/pnas.0511318103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, M.A., Wood, D.M., Janzen, D.H., Hall-wachs, W., and Hebert, P.D.N. 2007. DNA barcodes affirm that 16 species of apparently generalist tropical parasitoid flies (Diptera, Tachinidae) are not all generalists. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104: 4967:4972. PMID:17360352 doi:10.1073/pnas.0700050104.Google Scholar
Smith, S.M., Frankenhuyzen, K. van, Nealis, V.G., and Bourchier, R.S.. 2002. Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), eastern spruce budworm (Tortricidae). In Biological control programmes in Canada, 1981–2000. Edited by Mason, P.G. and Huber, J.T.. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, United Kingdom. pp. 58–68.Google Scholar
Tobias, V.I. 1971. Review of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) of the U.S.S.R. Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Entomologicheskogo Obshchestva, 54: 156–268.Google Scholar
Tobias, V.I. 1976. Braconids of the Caucasus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR No. 110, Nauka Press, Leningrad, SSSR. [In Russian.]Google Scholar
Tobias, V.I. 1986. Gnaptodontinae, Braconinae, Telengainae. In Opredelitel Nasekomych Evrospeiskoi Tsasti SSSR 3, Peredpontdatokrylye 4. Edited by Medvedev, G.S.. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR No. 145, Nauka Press, Leningrad, SSSR. pp. 85–149. [In Russian].Google Scholar
Van Driesche, R.G., Carruthers, R.I., Center, T., Hoddle, M.S., Hough-Goldstein, J., Morin, L., et al. 2010. Classical biological control for the protection of natural ecosystems: past achievements and current efforts. Biological Control. In press. doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.03.003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wharton, R.A. 1997 a. Subfamily Homolobinae. In Manual of the New World genera of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Edited by Wharton, R.A., Marsh, P.M., and Sharkey, M.J.. Special Publication No. 1, International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington, D.C. pp. 279–283.Google Scholar
Wharton, R.A. 1997 b. Subfamily Macrocentrinae. In Manual of the New World genera of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Edited by Wharton, R.A., Marsh, P.M., and Sharkey, M.J.. Special Publication No. 1, International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington, D.C. pp. 311–315.Google Scholar
Wharton, R.A., Marsh, P.M., and Sharkey, M.J. 1997. Manual of the New World genera of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Special Publication No. 1, International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Whitfield, J.B. 1995. Checklist of the Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in America North of Mexico. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 68: 245–262.Google Scholar
Whitfield, J.B. 1997. Subfamily Microgastrinae. In Manual of the New World genera of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Edited by Wharton, R.A., Marsh, P.M., and Sharkey, M.J.. Special Publication No. 1, International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington, D.C. pp. 333–364.Google Scholar
Whitfield, J.B. 2006. Revision of the Nearctic species of the genus Pholetesor Mason (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Zootaxa No. 1144. pp. 1–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitfield, J.B., and Wagner, D.L. 1991. Annotated key to the genera of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) attacking leafmining Lepidoptera in the Holarctic region. Journal of Natural History, 25: 733–754. doi:10.1080/00222939100770481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitfield, J.B., and Wharton, R.A. 1997. Subfamily Hormiinae. In Manual of the New World genera of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Edited by Wharton, R.A., Marsh, P.M., and Sharkey, M.J.. Special Publication No. 1, International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington, D.C. pp. 285–301.Google Scholar
Yates, H.O. III. 1967. Key to Nearctic parasites of the genus Rhyacionia: with species annotations. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, North Carolina.Google Scholar
Yu, D.S., Achterberg, K. van, and Horstmann, K. 2005. World Ichneumonoidea 2004: taxonomy, biology, morphology and distribution [online]. CD/DVD. Taxapad, Vancouver, British Columbia. Available from http://www.taxapad.com [accessed 16 March 2010].Google Scholar