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ANTIFEEDANT AND GROWTH INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF TALL OIL AND DERIVATIVES AGAINST THE VARIEGATED CUTWORM, PERIDROMA SAUCIA HÜBNER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Yongshou Xie  and
Murray B. Isman
Yongshou Xie
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1ZA
Murray B. Isman*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1ZA
*
1 Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed.
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Abstract

Crude tall oil and two of its derivatives were assessed for antifeedant and growth inhibitory effects, via incorporation into an artificial diet, in the variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia Hübner). The substances tested are both toxic to neonate P. saucia and inhibitory to larval growth. The dietary LC50 (lethal concentration for 50% mortality) values are 4.3, 4.7, and 5.3% fresh weight for depitched tall oil (DTO), crude tall oil (CTO), and tall oil pitch (TOP), respectively. These materials significantly reduced growth, feeding, and dietary utilization by first-, second-, third-, and fourth-instar larvae in chronic larval growth bioassays, choice and no-choice feeding tests, and nutritional experiments. The EC50s (effective concentration to inhibit growth by 50% relative to controls) of DTO, CTO, and TOP were 1.4, 2.0, and ≥2.4%, respectively, when first-instar larvae fed on treated diets for 10 days. DTO significantly reduced both growth and consumption rates with corresponding reduction in the efficiency of conversion of food (i.e. nutritional efficiency), suggesting that both antifeedant and toxic effects are involved in larval growth inhibition. DTO and CTO are consistently more biologically active than TOP. Our results suggest that an environmentally sound, low cost natural pest control agent may be developed based on tall oil.

Résumé

Les effets inhibiteurs de la résine liquide brute et de deux de ses dérivés sur la croissance et l’alimentation du Ver-gris panaché (Peridroma saucia Hübner) ont été mesurés après incorporation de ces produits dans une diète artificielle. Les substances utilisées sont toxiques pour les P. saucia néonates et elles inhibent la croissance larvaire. Les doses LC50 (concentrations létales pour 50% de la population) ont été évaluées à 4,3% de la masse fraîche dans le cas de la résine liquide sans goudron (DTO), à 4,7% de la masse fraîche dans le cas de la résine liquide brute (CTO), et à 5,3% de la masse fraîche dans le cas du goudron extrait de la résine liquide (TOP). Ces substances ont inhibé significativement la croissance, l’alimentation et l’utilisation métabolique chez les larves de premier, deuxième, troisième et quatrième stades au cours d’expériences chroniques sur la croissance larvaire, au cours de tests alimentaires avec et sans choix et au cours d’expériences sur la nutrition. Les concentrations EC50 (concentrations suffisantes pour inhiber 50% de la croissance telle qu’elle prévaut chez des individus témoins) de DTO, CTO et TOP se sont avérées respectivement de 1,4, 2,0 et ≥2,4% lorsque des larves de premier stade ont été soumises à une diète expérimentale pendant 10 jours. La substance DTO diminuait significativement les taux de croissance et de consommation de nourriture et il s’ensuivait une diminution de l’efficacité de la conversion métabolique (i.e. efficacité métabolique), ce qui semble indiquer que des effets toxiques et des effets inhibiteurs de l’alimentation sont responsables de l’inhibition de la croissance larvaire. Les substances DTO et CTO sont toujours plus actives biologiquement que la substance TPO. Nos résultats indiquent qu’il est probablement possible de synthétiser un agent de contrôle naturel, peu coûteux et sans effet nuisible sur l’environnement, à partir de la résine liquide. [Traduit par la réduction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 124 , Issue 5 , October 1992 , pp. 861 - 869
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1992

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