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AN IMPROVED REARING PROCEDURE FOR THE CARROT RUST FLY (DIPTERA: PSILIDAE) WITH OBSERVATIONS ON LIFE HISTORY AND CONDITIONS CONTROLLING DIAPAUSE INDUCTION AND TERMINATION

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

D.G.R. McLeod ,
J.W. Whistlecraft  and
C.R. Harris
D.G.R. McLeod
Affiliation:
Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, University Sub Post Office, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
J.W. Whistlecraft
Affiliation:
Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, University Sub Post Office, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
C.R. Harris
Affiliation:
Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, University Sub Post Office, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
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Abstract

Carrot rust fly (CRF), Psila rosae (Fabricius) (Diptera: Psilidae), caged with 2-month-old carrot plants at 20 °C, 50–70% RH, and 16:8 L:D laid an average of 109 eggs per female. With ca. 50% survival from egg to pupae, the rearing procedure yielded a 25 × population increase per generation. The duration of the life cycle at 20 °C was ca. 65 days. Calculated threshold temperatures and degree days above those temperatures necessary for complete development were: eggs, 4.5 °C and 94 degree days (°D); larvae, 2.02 °C and 625 °D; and pupae, 1.47 °C and 374 °D. Larvae collected in the field in fall developed normally when incubated at 22 and 19 °C; ca. 40% of the pupae entered diapause at 16 °C, and 100% at 13 and 10 °C. Fall-collected larvae chilled at 1 °C for ca. 3 months developed normally at all temperatures including those which induced diapause in pupae from unchilled larvae. With laboratory-reared pupae, 100% diapause was induced with > 10 days exposure to 13 or 10 °C. Twenty weeks storage at 1 °C was sufficient to terminate diapause in > 95% of the pupae. The ability of both CRF larvae and pupae to survive cold temperature conditions suggests that 2 separate spring emergence peaks may occur, which could have important implications if the spring flight is to be predicted on the basis of °D accumulations.

Résumé

Des mouches de la carotte, Psila rosae (Fabricius) (Diptera: Psilidae), encagées avec des plants de carotte de deux mois à 20 °C, 50–70% HR, et 16: 8 L:D ont pondu en moyenne 109 oeufs par femelle. Cette méthode d'élevage, avec environ 50% de survie de l'oeuf à la pupe, a permis un facteur de multiplication de 25 fois par génération. La durée du cycle vital à 20 °C était d'environ 65 jours. Les seuils thermiques calculés et les degrés-jours (°D) au-dessus de ces seuils pour le développement complet étaient de: oeufs, 4,5 °C et 94 °D; larves, 2,02 °C et 625 °D; pupes, 1,47 °C et 374 °D. Des larves provenant du terrain en automne se sont développées normalement lorsque placées à 22 et 19 °C; environ 40% des pupes sont entrées en diapause à 16 °C, et 100% à 13 et 10 °C. Des larves receuillies en automne et refroidies à 1 °C pour environ 3 mois se sont développées normalement à toutes les températures incluant celles qui ont induit la diapause chez des larves non refroidies. Chez des pupes provenant de l'élevage au laboratoire, on a induit 100% de diapause par exposition pour > 10 jours à 13 ou 10 °C. Vingt semaines d'entreposage à 1 °C se sont avérées suffisantes pour terminer la diapause chez > 95% des pupes. La capacité des larves et des pupes de la mouche de la carotte à survivre au froid laisse supposer l'existence de deux pics d'émergence séparés, ce qui pourrait avoir des implications sur la prévison des vols printanniers à partir de l'accumulation des °D.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 117 , Issue 8 , August 1985 , pp. 1017 - 1024
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1985

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