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Agrilus auroguttatus exit hole distributions on Quercus agrifolia boles and a sampling method to estimate their density on individual trees

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 July 2012

Laurel J. Haavik ,
Tom W. Coleman ,
Mary Louise Flint ,
Robert C. Venette  and
Steven J. Seybold
Laurel J. Haavik*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States of America
Tom W. Coleman
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, 602 South Tippecanoe Street, San Bernardino, California 92408, United States of America
Mary Louise Flint
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States of America
Robert C. Venette
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 1561 Lindig Street, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States of America
Steven J. Seybold
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 720 Olive Drive, Suite D, Davis, California 95616, United States of America
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]).
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Abstract

In recent decades, invasive phloem and wood borers have become important pests in North America. To aid tree sampling and survey efforts for the newly introduced goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), we examined spatial patterns of exit holes on the boles (trunks) of 58 coast live oak, Quercus agrifolia Née (Fagaceae), trees at five sites in San Diego County, southern California, United States of America. Agrilus auroguttatus exit hole densities were greater at the root collar than at mid-boles (6.1 m above ground). Dispersion patterns of exit holes on lower boles (≤1.52 m) were random for trees with low exit hole densities and aggregated for trees with high exit hole densities. The mean exit hole density measured from three randomly chosen quadrats (0.09 m2) provided a statistically reliable estimate of the true mean exit hole density on the lower bole, with <25% error from the true mean. For future sampling and survey efforts in southern California oak forests and woodlands, exit hole counts within a 0.09 m2 quadrat could be made at any three locations on lower Q. agrifolia boles to accurately estimate A. auroguttatus exit hole densities at the individual tree level.

Résumé

Au cours des dernières décennies en Amérique du Nord, des insectes envahissants perceurs du phloème et du bois sont devenus d'importants ravageurs. Afin de faciliter les travaux d’échantillonnage et d'inventaire des arbres en rapport avec l'agrile du chêne Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) récemment introduit, nous examinons la répartition spatiale des trous d'envol sur les troncs de 58 chênes verts côtiers de Californie, Quercus agrifolia Née (Fagaceae), dans cinq sites du comté de San Diego, dans le sud de la Californie, États-Unis d'Amérique. Les densités des trous d'envol d’Agrilus auroguttatus sont plus grandes au niveau du collet qu’à la mi-hauteur (6,1 m au-dessus du sol) du tronc. Les patrons de répartition des trous d'envol sur la partie inférieure du tronc (≤1,52 m) sont aléatoires chez les arbres à faible densité de trous d'envol et contagieux chez les arbres à forte densité de trous d'envol. La densité moyenne des trous d'envol mesurée dans trois quadrats (0,09 m2) choisis au hasard fournit une estimation statistiquement fiable de la véritable densité moyenne des trous d'envol sur le tronc inférieur avec <25% d'erreur par rapport à la moyenne véritable. Dans les travaux futurs d’échantillonnage et d'inventaire dans les forêts et les terrains boisés du sud de la Californie, on pourrait faire le dénombrement des trous d'envol dans un quadrat de 0,09 m2 à n'importe quels de trois sites sur des troncs inférieurs de Q. agrifolia afin d'estimer avec précision les densités des trous d'envols d’A. auroguttatus à l’échelle des arbres individuels.

Type
Original Article
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 144 , Issue 6 , December 2012 , pp. 733 - 744
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2012

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