Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T10:45:53.473Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

ACCELERATION FIELD OF INDIVIDUAL MIDGES, ANARETE PRITCHARDI (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE), WITHIN A SWARM1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Akira Okubo ,
H. C. Chiang  and
C. C. Ebbesmeyer
Akira Okubo
Affiliation:
Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook
H. C. Chiang
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Fisheries & Wildlife, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
C. C. Ebbesmeyer
Affiliation:
Evans-Hamilton, Inc., Seattle, Washington
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We analyzed a roll of 16 mm motion-picture film of the swarming of a cecidomyiid midge, Anarete pritchardi Kim, to calculate the acceleration of individual insects. We find that the midge moves with high accelerations, occasionally twice the acceleration of gravity, and that the midge is also subject to an inward force predominantly at the swarm edge. Energetics of midge flight is also considered by using accelerations and related data.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 109 , Issue 1 , January 1977 , pp. 149 - 156
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1977

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alexander, R. McN. 1968. Animal mechanics. Univ. of Washington Press, Seattle. 346 pp.Google Scholar
Chiang, H. C. 1961. Ecology of insect swarms. I. Experimental studies of the behaviour of Anarete near felti Pritchard in artificially induced swarms (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera). Animal Behav. 9: 213–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiang, H. C. 1962. Ecology of insect swarms. III. Intraspecific interference in the swarms of Anarete sp. near felti Pritchard (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera). Proc. Minn. Acad. Sci. 30: 31–33.Google Scholar
Chiang, H. C. 1965. Spatial orientation of Anarete sp. near felti (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Proc. 12th int. Congr. Ent. Lond.: 605–607.Google Scholar
Chiang, H. C. 1968. Ecology of insect swarms. V. Movement of individual midges, Anarete pritchardi, within a swarm. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 61: 584–587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiang, H. C. and Stenroos, O.. 1963. Ecology of insect swarms. II. Occurrence of swarms of Anarete sp. under different field conditions. (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera). Ecology 44: 598–600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiang, H. C. and Okubo, A.. Quantitative analysis and mathematical model of horizontal orientation of midges, Anareta pritchardi Kim, in a swarm (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). A paper in Hodson, A. C. Ecology Lecture Series, University of Minnesota Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. (in press).Google Scholar
Gray, J. 1953. How animals move. (The Royal Institute Christmas Lectures, 1951.) Cambridge Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Kim, Ke C. 1967. The North American species of the genus Anarete (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 60: 521–530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okubo, A. and Chiang, H. C.. 1974. An analysis of the kinematics of swarming of Anarete pritchardi Kim (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Researches Popul. Ecol. Kyoto Univ. 16: 1–42.Google Scholar
Waloff, Z. 1958. The behaviour of locusts in migrating swarms. Proc. X int. Congr. Ent. (Montreal, 1956) 2: 567–570.Google Scholar
Waloff, Z. 1972. Orientation of flying locusts, Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.) in migrating swarms. Bull. ent. Res. 62: 1–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weis-Fogh, T. 1961. Power in flapping flight, pp. 283–300. In (Eds.) Ramsay, J. A. and Wigglesworth, V.B., The cell and the organism. Cambridge Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Weis-Fogh, T. and Jensen, M.. 1956. Biology and physics of locust flight I-IV. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. (B) 239: 415–584.Google Scholar