Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T05:01:43.912Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) of the Maritime Provinces of Canada, II: New records from Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island and regional zoogeography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Christopher G. Majka ,
Robert S. Anderson  and
David B. McCorquodale
Christopher G. Majka*
Affiliation:
Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History, 1747 Summer Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3A6
Robert S. Anderson
Affiliation:
Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1P 6P4
David B. McCorquodale
Affiliation:
Cape Breton University, Department of Biology, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada B1P 6L2
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Seventy-nine species of weevils are newly reported in Nova Scotia and 66 species are newly reported on Prince Edward Island, increasing the known provincial weevil faunas to 244 and 92 species, respectively. Thirty-six species are recorded for the first time in the Maritime Provinces; of these, Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus (Marsham), Listronotus dietzi O'Brien, Corthylus columbianus Hopkins, and Orchidophilus aterrimus (Waterhouse) are recorded for the first time in Canada. Orchidophilus aterrimus has been collected only in exotic domesticated orchids and is not established in the wild. Fourteen species previously recorded on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, are reported from the provincial mainland. Four species — Curculio sulcatulus (Casey), Ceutorhynchus squamatus LeConte, Tachyerges niger (Horn), and Ips calligraphus (Germar) — are removed from the faunal list of Nova Scotia, and three species — Temnocerus cyanellus (LeConte), Curculio nasicus (Say), and Cryphalus ruficollis ruficollis Hopkins — are removed from the faunal list of Prince Edward Island. The combined known weevil fauna of the Maritime Provinces now totals 290 species. The adequacy of collection effort is discussed and in Nova Scotia, where collection effort has been greatest, distribution patterns of selected groups of species are examined. Island faunas are discussed with respect to those of Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton Island. Regional biogeographic patterns of species are also discussed, including possible disjunct populations in Nova Scotia and species that may not have crossed the isthmus of Chignecto to colonize Nova Scotia. Attention is drawn to the long history of introduced species in the region and to ongoing introductions through an examination of the earliest records for the 60 introduced species found in the region.

Résumé

Cet article signale pour la première fois la présence de 79 espèces de charançons en Nouvelle-Écosse et de 66 espèces à l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard, augmentant ainsi à 244 et à 92 respectivement le nombre d'espèces de charançons présents dans ces provinces. On signale 36 espèce pour la première fois dans les provinces maritimes et 4 espèces, soit le Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus (Marsham), le Listronotus dietzi O'Brien, le Corthylus columbianus Hopkins et le Orchidophilus aterrimus (Waterhouse) pour la première fois au Canada. On a récolté le Orchidophilus aterrimus uniquement dans les orchidées domestiquées non indigènes; cette espèce n'est pas présente dans la nature. Quatorze espèces signalées auparavant à l'île du Cap-Breton (Nouvelle-Écosse) sont signalées dans la partie continentale de la province. Quatre espèces, soit le Curculio sulcatulus (Casey), le Ceutorhynchus squamatus LeConte, le Tachyerges niger (Horn) et le Ips calligraphus (Germar) ne figurent pas sur la liste faunique de la Nouvelle-Écosse et trois espèces, soit le Temnocerus cyanellus (LeConte), le Curculio nasicus (Say) et le Cryphalus ruficollis ruficollis Hopkins ne figurent pas sur celle de l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard. Le nombre total des charançons présents dans l'ensemble des provinces maritimes se situe maintenant à 290 espèces. L'article traite du niveau d'intensité des récoltes de charançons. En Nouvelle-Écosse, là où l'effort de récolte a été le plus important, on aborde les modèles de distribution de certains groupes d'espèces. On discute de la faune des îles relativement à celles de l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard et de l'île du Cap-Breton. On examine également les modèles biogéographiques régionaux des espèces, y compris la possibilité de populations isolées en Nouvelle-Écosse et d'espèces qui ne sont peut-être pas arrivées en Nouvelle-Écosse par l'isthme de Chignecto. On souligne la longue tradition d'introduction d'espèces dans la région ainsi que sa persistance jusqu'à aujourd'hui en examinant les premières signalisations des 60 espèces non indigènes que l'on trouve dans la région.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 139 , Issue 3 , June 2007 , pp. 397 - 442
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahmad, M., and Burke, H.R. 1972. Larvae of the weevil tribe Anthonomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 8: 33–81.Google Scholar
Aksoy, A., Dixon, J.M., and Hale, W.H.G. 1998. Capsella bursa-pastoris(L.) Medikus (Thlaspi bursa-pastorisL., Bursa bursa-pastoris(L.) Shull, Bursa pastoris(L.) Weber)). The Journal of Ecology, 86(1): 171–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A., and Lyal, C.H.C. 1999. A world catalogue of families and genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) (excepting Scolytidae and Platypodidae). Entomopraxis, Barcelona, Spain.Google Scholar
Anderson, D.M. 1973. Keys to the larvae and pupae of the Gymnetrinae in America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 75: 133–140.Google Scholar
Anderson, R.S. 1989. A revision of the subfamily Rhynchaeninae in the New World (Coleoptera: Curculionodae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 115: 207–312.Google Scholar
Anderson, R.S. 1991. New records of OtiorhynchusGermar species in western North America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 123: 1395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, R.S. 1993. Weevils and plants: phylogenetic versus ecological mediation of evolution of host plant associations in Curculionidae (Curculioninae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 165: 197–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, R.S. 1997. Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea, excluding Scolytinae and Platypodinae) of the Yukon. In Insects of the Yukon. Edited by Danks, H.V. and Downes, J.A.. Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods), Ottawa, Ontario. pp. 523–562.Google Scholar
Anderson, R.S. 2002a. Nemonychidae Bedel 1882. In American beetles, Vol. 2: Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. Edited by Arnett, R.H. Jr., Thomas, M.C., Skelley, P.E., and Frank, J.H.. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. pp. 692–694.Google Scholar
Anderson, R.S. 2002b. Curculionidae Latreille 1802. In American beetles, Vol. 2: Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. Edited by Arnett, R.H. Jr., Thomas, M.C., Skelley, P.E., and Frank, J.H.. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. pp. 722–815.Google Scholar
Anderson, R.S., and Howden, A.T. 1994. Tychius meliloti Stephens new to Canada with a brief review of the species of Tychius Germar introduced to North America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 126: 1363–1368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnett, R.H. Jr., Thomas, M.C., Skelley, P.E., and Frank, J.H. (Editors). 2002. American beetles, Vol. 2: Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Athearn, H.D., and Clarke, A.H. Jr., 1962. The freshwater mussels of Nova Scotia. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 183, Ottawa, Ontario.Google Scholar
Blatchley, W.S., and Leng, C.W. 1916. Rhynchophora or weevils of North Eastern America. The Nature Publishing Company, Indianapolis, Indiana.Google Scholar
Bouchard, P., LeSage, L., Goulet, H., Bostanian, N.J., Vincent, C., Zmudzinska, A., and Lasnier, J. 2005. Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) diversity and abundance in two Quebec vineyards. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 98: 565–574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bousquet, Y. 1990. Beetles associated with stored products in Canada: an identification guide. Agriculture Canada Publication 1837, Ottawa, Ontario.Google Scholar
Bousquet, Y. (Editor). 1991. Checklist of beetles of Canada and Alaska. Agriculture Canada Publication 1861/E, Ottawa, Ontario.Google Scholar
Bright, D.E. 1976. The bark beetles of Canada and Alaska: Coleoptera: Scolytidae. Agriculture Canada Publication 1576, Ottawa, Ontario.Google Scholar
Bright, D.E. 1981. Taxonomic monograph of the genus PityophthorusEichoff in North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 118: 1–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bright, D.E. 1988. Polydrusus cervinus (Linneaus), a weevil new to Canada. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 42: 337.Google Scholar
Bright, D.E. 1993. The weevils of Canada and Alaska, Vol. 1: Coleoptera: Curculionoidea, excluding Scolytidae and Curculionidae. Agriculture Canada Publication 1882, Ottawa, Ontario.Google Scholar
Bright, D.E. 1994. Revision of the genus Sitona (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of North America. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 87: 277–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Britton, W.E. 1934. Another European weevil in Connecticut. Connecticut Experimental Station Bulletin, 360: 474.Google Scholar
Brown, W.J. 1940. Notes on the American distribution of some species of Coleoptera common to the European and North American continents. The Canadian Entomologist, 72: 65–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, W.J. 1950. The extralimital distribution of some species of Coleoptera. The Canadian Entomologist, 82: 197–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, W.J. 1965. Trachyphloeus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America. The Canadian Entomologist, 97: 189–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, W.J. 1967. Notes on the extralimital distribution of some species of Coleoptera. The Canadian Entomologist, 99: 85–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchanan, L.L. 1934. A new North American Magdalis from blue spruce (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 36(4): 85–87.Google Scholar
Buchanan, L.L. 1948. A new species of Stenoscelis, and other notes on other Curculionidae (Coleoptera). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 43(2): 61–66.Google Scholar
Burakowski, B., Mroczkowski, M., and Stefanska, J. 1993. Chrzaszcze - Coleoptera. Ryjkowce - Curculionidae, 1. Katalog fauny Polski XXIII, 19. PWN, Warsaw, Poland.Google Scholar
Burke, H.R., and Anderson, R.S. 1989. Systematics of species of AnthonomusGermar previously assigned to Tachypterellus Fall and Cockerell (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 82(4): 426–437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chandler, D.S. 2001. University of New Hampshire insect and arachnid collections [online]. Available from http://colsa1.unh.edu:591/unhinsects.htm [accessed 1 January 2006].Google Scholar
Chittenden, F.H. 1900. Some insects injurious to garden crops. United States Department of Agriculture Bulletin, 23: 1–92.Google Scholar
Clark, W.E. 1971. A taxonomic revision of the weevil genus Tychius Germar in America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 13: 1–39.Google Scholar
Clark, W.E. 1987. Revision of the Nearctic species of Pseudanthonomus Dietz (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 41: 263–285.Google Scholar
Clark, W.E., and Burke, H.R. 2005. Revision of the subgenus Cnemocyllus Dietz of the weevil genus Anthonomus Germar (Coleotera: Curculionidae, Anthonomini). Insecta Mundi, 19: 1–54.Google Scholar
Colonnelli, E. 2004. Catalogue of Ceutorhynchinae of the World with a key to genera. Argantia Editio, Barcelona, Spain.Google Scholar
Davis, D.S., and Browne, S. 1996. The natural history of Nova Scotia, Vol. II: theme regions. Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax, Nova Scotia.Google Scholar
Dearborn, R.G., and Donahue, C.P. 1993. An annotated list of insects collected and recorded by the Maine Forest Service: order Coleoptera, beetles. Insect and Disease Division of the Maine Forest Service, Department of Conservation, Technical Report 32. August, Maine.Google Scholar
Dieckmann, L. 1980. Beiträge zur Insekten-fauna der DDR: Coleoptera-Curculionidae (Brachycerinae, Otiorhynchinae, Brachyderinae). Beiträge zur Entomologie, 30: 145–310.Google Scholar
Downie, N.M., and Arnett, R.H. Jr., 1996. The beetles of northeastern North America. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida.Google Scholar
Environment Canada. 2005. A national ecological framework for Canada. Available from http://www.ec.gc.ca/soer-ree/English/Framework/default. cfm [accessed 7 February 2006].Google Scholar
Erskine, D.S. 1985. The plants of Prince Edward Island. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evenhuis, N.L., and Samuelson, G.A. 2006. Abbreviations for insect and spider collections of the world [online]. Available from http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/codens/codens-inst.html [accessed 1 January 2007].Google Scholar
Felt, E.P. 1928. Observations and notes on injurious and other insects of New York State. New York State Museum Bulletin, 274: 145–176.Google Scholar
Gibson, L.P. 1969. Monograph of the genus Curculio in the New World (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Part I. United States and Canada. Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 6: 241–285.Google Scholar
Gilhen, J. 1984. Amphibians and reptiles of Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax, Nova Scotia.Google Scholar
Haack, R.A. 2003. Intercepted Scolytidae (Coleoptera) at U.S. ports of entry: 1985–2000. Integrated Pest Management Reviews, 6: 253–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, K.G.A., and Langor, D.W. 1987. Leaf-hopper fauna of Newfoundland and Cape Breton Islands (Rhynchota: Homoptera: Cicadellidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 119: 663–695.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrington, W.H. 1891. Notes on a few Canadian Rhyncophora. The Canadian Entomologist, 23: 21–27, 114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinds, H.R. 2000. The flora of New Brunswick: a manual for the identification of the vascular plants of New Brunswick. University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick.Google Scholar
Hoebeke, E.R., and Whitehead, D.R. 1980. New records of Rhinoncus bruchoides (Herbst) for the western hemisphere and a revised key to the North American species of the genus Rhinoncus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Ceutorhynchinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 82: 556–561.Google Scholar
Hoffman, A. 1950. Coléoptères. Curculionoides (Première Partie). Faune de France. Vol. 52. Fédération Française des Sociétes de Science Naturelles, Paris.Google Scholar
Hoffman, A. 1954. Coléoptères. Curculionoides (Deuxième Partie). Faune de France. Vol. 59. Fédération Française des Sociétes de Science Naturelles, Paris.Google Scholar
Hopkins, A.D. 1911. Technical papers on miscellaneous forest insects, I. Contributions towards a monograph of the bark-weevils of the genus Pissodes. United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Technical Series, 20: 1–68.Google Scholar
Hopping, G.R. 1965. The North American species in group VII of Ips DeGeer (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 97: 193–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howden, A. 1995. Structures related to oviposition in Curculionoidea. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 14: 53–100.Google Scholar
Howden, H.F. 1970. The Coleoptera. In Fauna of Sable Island and its zoogeographic affinities. Edited by Howden, H.F.. National Museum of Natural Sciences (Ottawa) Publications in Zoology 4: 1–30.Google Scholar
Keddy, P.A., and Wisheu, I.C. 1989. Ecology, biogeography, and conservation of coastal plain plants: some general principles from the study of Nova Scotian wetlands. Rhodora, 91(865): 72–94.Google Scholar
King, L.H. 1996. Late Wisconsin ice retreat from the Scotian Shelf. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 108: 1056–1067.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klimaszewski, J., Majka, C.G., and Langor, D. 2006. A review of Nearctic Tarphiota Casey, with a description of a convergent seashore-inhabiting species Atheta novaescotiae sp. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Journal of Entomological Science, 9: 67–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuschel, G. 1989. The Nearctic Nemonychiidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea). Entomologica Scandinavica, 20: 121–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larson, D.J., Alarie, Y., and Roughley, R.E. 2000. Predaceous diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) of the Nearctic Region, with emphasis on the fauna of Canada and Alaska. National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.Google Scholar
LeConte, J.L., and Horn, G.H. 1876. The Rhynchophora of America, north of Mexico. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 15(96): i–xvi, 1–455.Google Scholar
Lindroth, C.H. 1957. The faunal connections between Europe and North America. Almqvist and Wiksell, Stockholm, Sweden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Livingston, D.A. 1951. The freshwater fishes of Nova Scotia. Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science, 23(1): 1–90.Google Scholar
Maerz, J.C., Karuzas, J.M., Madison, D.M., and Blossey, B. 2005. Introduced invertebrates are important prey for a generalist predator. Diversity and Distributions, 11: 83–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Majka, C.G., and Jackman, J.A. 2006. The Mordellidae (Coleoptera) of the Maritime Provinces of Canada. The Canadian Entomologist, 138: 292–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Majka, C.G., and McCorquodale, D.B. 2006. The Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of the Maritime Provinces of Canada: new records, biogeographic notes, and conservation concerns. Zootaxa, 1154: 49–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Majka, C.G., and Pollock, D.A. 2006. Understanding saproxylic beetles: new records of Tetratomidae, Melandryidae, Synchroidae, and Scraptiidae from the Maritime Provinces of Canada (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea). Zootaxa, 1248: 45–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Majka, C.G., Anderson, R.S., and Georgeson, E. 2007 a. Introduced Apionidae and Brentidae in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 109: 66–74.Google Scholar
Majka, C.G., Anderson, R.S., McAlpine, D.F., and Webster, R.P. 2007 b. The weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of the Maritime Provinces of Canada, I: New records from New Brunswick. The Canadian Entomologist, 139: 378–396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marske, K.A., and Ivie, M.A. 2003. Beetle fauna of the United States and Canada. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 57: 495–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mau, R.F.I. 1984. Development of the orchid weevil, Orchidophilus atterimus (Waterhouse). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 24: 298–297.Google Scholar
McCalla, R.J. 1988. The Maritime Provinces atlas. Maritext Ltd., Halifax, Nova Scotia.Google Scholar
McCorquodale, D.B., Musgrave, B.L., Atkins, S., Majka, C., and Anderson, R.S. 2005. New records of native and introduced weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) for Nova Scotia from Cape Breton Island. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 59: 27–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNamara, J. 1991 a. Family Anthribidae: fungus weevils. In Checklist of beetles of Canada and Alaska. Edited by Bousquet, Y.. Agriculture Canada Publication 1861/E, Ottawa, Ontario. pp. 324–325.Google Scholar
McNamara, J. 1991 b. Family Rhynchitidae: leaf and bud weevils. In Checklist of beetles of Canada and Alaska. Edited by Bousquet, Y.. Agriculture Canada Publication 1861/E, Ottawa, Ontario. pp. 326–327.Google Scholar
McNamara, J. 1991 c. Family Curculionidae: snout beetles or weevils. In Checklist of beetles of Canada and Alaska. Edited by Bousquet, Y.. Agriculture Canada Publication 1861/E, Ottawa, Ontario. pp. 329–356.Google Scholar
McNamara, J. 1991 d. Family Scolytidae: bark beetles. In Checklist of beetles of Canada and Alaska. Edited by Bousquet, Y.. Agriculture Canada Publication 1861/E, Ottawa, Ontario. pp. 356–365.Google Scholar
Moseley, M., Klimaszewski, J., and Majka, C.G. 2006. Observations on the distribution, ecology and life history of Quedius s. spelaeus Horn, 1871 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in Nova Scotia, Canada. Zootaxa, 1226: 61–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Natural Resources Canada. 1995. The Atlas of Canada [online]. 6th ed. Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. Available from http://atlas.gc.ca/site/index.html [accessed 1 January 2007].Google Scholar
O'Brien, C.W. 1970. A taxonomic revision of the weevil genus Dorytomus in North America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). University of California Publications in Entomology, 60: 1–80.Google Scholar
O'Brien, C.W. 1981. The larger (4.5+ mm.) Listronotus of America, north of Mexico (Cylindrorhininae, Curculionidae, Coleoptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 107: 69–123.Google Scholar
O'Brien, C.W. 1997. A catalog of the Coleoptera of America north of Mexico. Family: Curculionidae. Subfamilies: Acicnemidinae, Cossoninae, Rhytirrhininae, Molytinae, Petalochilinae, Trypetidinae, Dryophthorinae, Tachygoninae, Thecesterninae. United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook No. 529–143g: x + 48 pp.Google Scholar
O'Brien, C.W., and Marshall, G.B. 1979. U.S. Bagous, bionomic notes, a new species, and a new name (Bagoini, Erirhinae, Curculionidae, Coleoptera). Southwestern Entomologist, 14(2): 141–149.Google Scholar
O'Brien, C.W., and Wibmer, G.J. 1982. Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute (Gainesville), 34: 1–382.Google Scholar
Partridge, V.L., and Lauff, R.F. 1999. Expansion of the known range of two bog-dwelling beetles into Nova Scotia. The Northeastern Naturalist, 6: 31–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinski, R.A., Mattson, W.J., and Raffa, K.F. 2005. Composition and seasonal phenology of a non-indigenous root-feeding weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) complex in northern hardwood forests in the Great Lakes Region. Environmental Entomology, 34: 298–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prévost, M.-A., and Bain, A. 2006. L'implantation d'une colonie terre-neuvienne au XVII siècle: l'apport des analyses archéobotanique et archéoentomologique. In La mesure du passé: contributions à la recherche en archéométrie (2000–2006). Edited by Bain, A., Chabot, J., and Moussette, M.. British Archaeological Reports. In press.Google Scholar
Roland, A.E., and Smith, E.C. 1969. The flora of Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax, Nova Scotia.Google Scholar
Roscoe, B., and Majka, C.G. 1976. First records of the rock vole and the Gaspé shrew from Nova Scotia and a second record of the Thompson's pygmy shrew from Cape Breton Island. Canadian Field Naturalist, 90: 497–498.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schoof, H.F. 1942. The genus Conotrachelus Dejean (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the north central United States. Illinois Biological Monographs, 19(3): 1–170.Google Scholar
Shaw, J., and Gareau, P. 2002. Changing sea levels in Atlantic Canada. CoastWeb: Geological Survey of Canada [online]. Available from http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/coast/sealevel/index_e.php [accessed 1 January 2007].Google Scholar
Sleeper, E.L. 1953. New genera and species of Curculionidae with a new species of Anthribidae. The Ohio Journal of Science, 53(2): 113–120.Google Scholar
Sleeper, E.L. 1963. A study of the Zygopinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of America north of Mexico, I. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 62(4): 209–220.Google Scholar
Slingerland, M.V., and Crosby, C.R. 1919. Manual of fruit insects. MacMillan, New York.Google Scholar
Stewart, W.E., and Bright, D.E. 1982. Notes on Pissodes fiskei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) with a redescription of the species. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 36(2): 445–452.Google Scholar
Stockton, W.D. 1956. A review of the Nearctic species of the genus Hyperodes Jekel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Ph.D. thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.Google Scholar
Swezey, O. 1945. Insects associated with orchids. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 12: 343–403.Google Scholar
Titus, E.G. 1911. The genera Hypera and Phytonomus (Coleoptera, Family Curculionidae) in America, north of Mexico. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 4: 383–473.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torres, A.N., and Hoy, C.W. 2002. Relationship between carrot weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) infestation, damage, and planting dates of parsley (Apiaceae). The Canadian Entomologist, 134: 125–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tuttle, D.M. 1956. Notes on the life history of seven species of Anthonomus occurring in Illinois (Curculionidae: Coleoptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 49: 170–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valentine, B.D. 1998. A review of Nearctic and some related Anthribidae (Coleoptera). Insecta Mundi, 12: 251–296.Google Scholar
Vaurie, P. 1951. Revision of the genus Calendra (formerly Sphenophorus) in the United States and Mexico (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 98(2): 33–186.Google Scholar
Vittum, P.J., and Tashiro, H. 1987. Seasonal activity of Listronotus maculicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on annual bluegrass. Journal of Economic Entomology, 80: 773–780.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warner, R.E. 1966. A review of the Hylobius of North America with a new species injurious to slash pine (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Coleopterists Bulletin, 20: 65–81.Google Scholar
Warner, R.E. 1971. Polydrusus cervinus(L.), a European weevil discovered in North America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 73: 57.Google Scholar
Warner, R.E., and Negley, F.B. 1976. The genus Otiorhynchus in America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 78: 240–262.Google Scholar
Williams, D.J.M., and Langor, D.W. 2002. Morphometric study of the Pissodes strobi complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 134: 447–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, S.L. 1982. The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, 6: 1–1359.Google Scholar
Wright, B. 1989. The fauna of Sable Island. Nova Scotia Museum Curatorial Report, 68: 1–93.Google Scholar