Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T11:32:48.656Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Toxicity of Some Pesticides to Predacious Arthropods in Ontario Peach Orchards1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

D. H. C. Herne  and
W. L. Putman
D. H. C. Herne
Affiliation:
Research Station, Canada Department of Agriculture, Vineland Station, Ontario
W. L. Putman
Affiliation:
Research Station, Canada Department of Agriculture, Vineland Station, Ontario
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

DDT, parathion, and carbaryl experimentally applied in peach orchards were highly toxic to most insect and arachnid predators, including those most effective in controlling orchard mites. Azinphos-methyl appeared to be as toxic as parathion to predators in grower-sprayed orchards. Larvae of the chrysopid Chrysopa carnea Stephens and the syrphid Toxomerus geminatus (Say) were remarkably tolerant of DDT. The phytoseiid mite Typhlodromus caudiglans Schuster appeared to have developed a high degree of resistance to DDT in one orchard. Sulphur was appreciably toxic only to phytoseiids and the erythraeid Balaustium sp., and captan had little or no effect on any predator. Chemical and biological control of phytophagous mites in peach orchards cannot be integrated while the presently used insecticides are needed for the control of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck).

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 98 , Issue 9 , September 1966 , pp. 936 - 942
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1966

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bartlett, B. R. 1964 a. Toxicity of some pesticides to eggs, larvae, and adults of the green lacewing, Chrysopa carnea. J. econ. Ent. 57: 366–369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartlett, B. R. 1964 b. The toxicity of some pesticide residues to adult Amblyseius bibisci, with a compilation of the effects of pesticides upon phytoseiid mites. J. econ. Ent. 57: 559–563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartlett, B. R. 1964 c. Integration of chemical and biological control. In DeBach, P. (ed ), Biological control of insect pests and weeds. Chapman and Hall, London. pp. 489–511.Google Scholar
Böhm, H. 1960. Untersuchungen über Spinnmilbenfeinde in Österreich. PflSchBer. 25: 23–46.Google Scholar
Bravenboer, L. 1959. De chemische en biologische bestrijding van de spintmijt Tetranychus urticae Koch. Proefsta. Groenten- en Fruitteelt onder Glas Naaldwijk Publ. 75.Google Scholar
DeBach, P., and Bartlett, B.. 1951. Effects of insecticides on biological control of insect pests of citrus. J. econ. Ent. 44: 372–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gratwick, M. 1965. Laboratory studies of the relative toxicities of orchard insecticides to predatory insects. Annu. Rep. East Malling Res. Sta., 1964, 171–176.Google Scholar
Herne, D. H. C. 1963. Carabids collected in a DDT-sprayed peach orchard in Ontario (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Canad. Ent. 95: 357–362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herne, D. C., and Chant, D. A.. 1965. Relative toxicity of parathion and Kelthane to the predacious mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot and its prey, Tetranychus urticae Koch, (Acarina: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae) in the laboratory. Canad. Ent. 97: 172–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lord, F. T. 1949. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia. III. Mites and their predators. Canad. Ent. 81: 202–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lord, F. T. 1956. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia. IX. Studies on means of altering predator populations. Canad. Ent. 88: 129–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lord, F. T. 1962. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia. XI. Effects of low dosages of DDT on predator populations. Canad. Ent. 94: 204–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacPhee, A. W., and Sanford, K. H.. 1954. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia. VII. Effects on some beneficial arthropods. Canad. Ent. 86: 128–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacPhee, A. W., and Sanford, K. H.. 1956. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia. X. Supplement to VII. Effects on some beneficial arthropods. Canad. Ent. 88: 631–634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacPhee, A. W., and Sanford, K. H.. 1961. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia. XII. Second supplement to VII. Effects on beneficial arthropods. Canad. Ent. 93: 671–673.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pickett, A. D., Putman, W. L. and LeRoux, E. J.. 1958. Progress in harmonizing biological and chemical control of orchard pests in Eastern Canada. Proc. 10th int. Congr. Ent., Montreal (1956), 3: 169–174.Google Scholar
Putman, W. L. 1955. Bionomics of Stethorus punctillum Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Ontario. Canad. Ent. 87: 9–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putman, W. L. 1956. Differences in susceptibility of two species of Chrysopa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) to DDT. Canad. Ent. 88: 520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putman, W. L. 1965. The predacious thrips Haplothrips faurei Hood (Thysanoptera: Phloeothripidae) in Ontario peach orchards. Canad. Ent. 97: 1208–1221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putman, W. L., and Herne, D. C.. 1959. Gross effect of some pesticides on populations of phytophagous mites in Ontario peach orchards and their economic implications. Canad. Ent. 91: 567–579.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putman, W. L., and Herne, D. C.. 1960. Effects of Sevin on phytophagous mites and predators in an Ontario peach orchard. Canad. J. Plant Sci. 40: 198–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putman, W. L., and Herne, D. H. C.. 1966. The role of predators and other biotic agents in regulating the population density of phytophagous mites in Ontario peach orchards. Canad. Ent. 98: 808–820 (1966).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ripper, W. E. 1956. Effects of pesticides on balance of arthropod populations. Annu. Rev. Ent. 1: 403–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, F. F., Henneberry, T. J. and Boswell, A. L.. 1963. The pesticide tolerance of Typhlo-dromus fallacis (Garman) and Phytoseiulus persimilis A. H. with some observations on the predator efficiency of P. persimilis. J. econ. Ent. 56: 274–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vrie, M. van de. 1962. The influence of spray chemicals on predatory and phytophagous mites on apple trees in laboratory and field trials in the Netherlands. Entomophaga 7: 243–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Way, M. J. 1949. Laboratory experiments on the effect of DDT and BHC on certain aphidophagous insects and their hosts. Bull. ent. Res. 40: 279–297.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yun, Y. M., and Ruppel, R. F.. 1964. Toxicity of insecticides to a coccinellid predator of the cereal leaf beetle. J. econ. Ent. 57: 835–837.CrossRefGoogle Scholar