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SYSTEMATICS OF THE TRICHADENOTECNUM ALEXANDERAE SPECIES COMPLEX (PSOCOPTERA: PSOCIDAE) BASED ON AN INVESTIGATION OF MODES OF REPRODUCTION AND MORPHOLOGY

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

B. W. Betz
B. W. Betz
Affiliation:
1000 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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Abstract

Trichadenotecnum alexanderae Sommerman is shown to represent one biparental (= euphrasic) species capable of facultative parthenogenesis (thelytoky) and three uniparental (= obligatorily parthenogenetic) sibling species, as determined by tests for mating, life history observations, and morphological analysis of specimens over the geographic range of the species complex. The name T. alexanderae is restricted to the biparental species because the holotype is a male. The three uniparental species are here named and described as T. castum n. sp., T. merum n. sp., and T. innuptum n. sp. The female of T. alexanderae is redescribed to allow its separation from the three uniparental species. A key to females of the species complex is supplied. All three uniparental species were derived from the biparental ancestor of T. alexanderae. Most collections of populations represented only by females consist of one or more uniparental species. Facultative parthenogenesis is shown to maintain a population of T. alexanderae through one generation only. The biparental species is found not to be restricted geographically to a relictual or peripheral range within the species complex, but to occupy a rather wide, north-temperate distribution across eastern North America.

Résumé

Trichadenotecnum alexanderae Sommerman comprend une espèce biparentale (= euphrasique) à parthénogenèse facultative (thélytokie) et trois espèces jumelles uniparentales (= parthénogénèse obligatoire), tel que démontré par des tests d'accouplement, des observations sur le cycle vital et l'analyse morphologique de spécimens provenant de tout l'aire géographique de distribution de ce complexe d'espèces. Le nom T. alexanderae est assigné à l'espèce biparentale parce que l'holotype est un mâle. Les trois espèces uniparentales sont décrites et nommées T. castum n. sp., T. merum n. sp. et T. innuptum n. sp. La femelle du T. alexanderae est de nouveau décrite pour permettre sa distinction des trois espèces uniparentales. Une clé d'identification des femelles du complexe est présentée. Les espèces sont toutes trois dérivées de l'ancêtre biparental de T. alexanderae. La plupart des collections de populations composées uniquement de femelles représentent au moins une des espèces uniparentales. Il est démontré que la parthénogenèse facultative ne peut maintenir une population de T. alexanderae que pour une génération. L'espèce biparentale n'est pas limitée géographiquement à une partie résiduelle ou marginale de l'aire de distribution du complexe, ayant plutôt une vaste distribution tempérée-boréale, s'étendant à travers l'est de l'Amérique du nord.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 115 , Issue 10 , October 1983 , pp. 1329 - 1354
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1983

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