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SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF IPS PARACONFUSUS LANIER (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) REARED AXENICALLY AND WITH TREE-PATHOGENIC FUNGI VECTORED BY COHABITING DENDROCTONUS SPECIES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

J.W. Fox ,
D.L. Wood ,
R.P. Akers  and
J.R. Parmeter Jr.
J.W. Fox
Affiliation:
Department of Entomological Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA94270
D.L. Wood
Affiliation:
Department of Entomological Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA94270
R.P. Akers
Affiliation:
Department of Entomological Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA94270
J.R. Parmeter Jr.
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA94270
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Abstract

Survival and development of Ips paraconfusus Lanier larvae reared individually in intact Pinus ponderosa Laws. phloem without associated fungi and dietary supplements was demonstrated. Survival was reduced.in intact ponderosa pine phloem previously occupied by other larvae or by bluestaining fungi [i.e. Ophiostoma ips (Rumb.) vectored by I. paraconfusus, O. minus (Hedge.) H. & P. Syd. vectored by Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, O. clavigerum (Robins.-Jeff. & Davids.) vectored by D. ponderosae Hopkins, and Leptographium terebrantis Barras & Perry vectored by D. valens LeConte] compared with those reared without fungi or symbiotic yeasts. The highest proportion of larvae initiating tunnels and surviving to adult was observed for untreated eggs, and the lowest proportion occurred in the L. terebrantis treatment. Size was reduced and developmental rate was slower for larvae reared without fungi compared with larvae reared with associated fungi.

Tunnels excavated by first- and second-instar larvae reared without associated fungi were longer than those excavated by larvae reared with associated fungi. The most frequent larval turnabouts occurred with larvae reared axenically and reared with Ips yeast and O. ips. The fewest occurred with larvae reared with Ips egg niche plugs and from untreated eggs. Females reared free of any fungi or with Penicillium or Aspergillus did not oviposit in surface-sterilized ponderosa pine logs. Naturally eclosed females from ponderosa pine logs in which they developed, laid eggs in these sterilized logs. Potential for a new association among bark beetles and fungi is discussed.

Résumé

La survie et la croissance ont été suivies chez des larves d’Ips paraconfusus Lanier élevées une à une dans du phloem sain de Pinus ponderosa Laws., sans champignons associés et sans suppléments de nourriture. La survie diminuait chez les larves élevées dans du phloème préalablement occupé par d’autres larves ou par des champignons bleuissants [i.e. Ophiostoma ips (Rumb.) transporté par I. paraconfusus, O. minus (Hedge.) H. el P. Syd. transporté par Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, O. clavigerum (Robins.-Jeff, et Davids.) transporté par D. ponderosae Hopkins et Leptographium terebrantis Barras et Perry transporté par D. valens LeConte] par comparaison aux larves élevées sans champignons ou sans levures en symbiose. La plus grande proportion de larves qui ont construit des tunnels et survécu jusqu’à l’âge adulte a été observée dans le cas d’oeufs non traités et la plus faible proportion, dans le cas d’oeufs élevés en présence de L. terebrantis. La taille était plus petite et le taux de croissance plus lent chez les larves élevées sans champignons que chez les larves élevées en présence de champignons associés.

Les tunnels creusés par les larves de premier et de deuxième stades élevées sans champignons associés étaient plus longs que ceux creusés par les larves élevées en présence de champignons. Les changements de direction les plus fréquents se sont produits chez les larves élevées dans des conditions axéniques et élevées en présence de levures d’Ips et d’O. ips; les moins fréquents se sont produits chez les larves élevées en présence de bouchons formés par les oeufs d’Ips ou en présence d’oeufs non traités. Les femelles élevées sans champignons ou en présence de Penicillium ou d’Aspergillus n’ont pas pondu dans les troncs de pins ponderosa dont la surface avait été stérilisée. Par ailleurs, les femelles qui se sont développées dans ces pins y ont pondu, en dépit de la stérilisation. La possibilité d’une nouvelle association entre les scolytes et les champignons fait l’objet d’une discussion.

[Traduit par la rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 124 , Issue 6 , December 1992 , pp. 1157 - 1167
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1992

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