Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T04:22:44.389Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HARRIS) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), ON CULTIVARS OF FIELD PEAS IN MANITOBA AND ITS EFFECTS ON PEA GROWTH AND YIELD

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

J.J. Soroka  and
P.A. Mackay
J.J. Soroka
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
P.A. Mackay
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Populations of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), were sampled through the summer of 1984 on five cultivars and in 1985 and 1986 on six cultivars of field peas, Pisum sativum L., grown in field plots in southern Manitoba. Patterns of pea aphid population growth were generally similar among cultivars in any one year. Aphid populations on all cultivars in all years remained relatively low until mid-July, then increased rapidly, peaked at about the beginning of August, and declined sharply to low levels in late August. At the time of peak aphid numbers, significant differences in aphid population densities were found among cultivars in 2 years; the lowest densities were found on the cultivars Century and Tipu, and the highest densities on Triumph or Trapper. Pea aphid feeding was not detrimental to any yield parameters except 1000 seed weight. In 1984 Triumph and Tara, and in 1985 Triumph had significantly decreased 1000 seed weights in plots in which aphid densities were not controlled. Differences in the abundance of the aphid among cultivars were not reflected in their yield responses. Over 3 years the regression line of aphid densities upon Century seed weight was significantly steeper than those of Trapper, Lenca, or Tara. Trapper was least affected by aphid feeding. Results indicated that the economic threshold of pea aphids on peas other than Century needs to be re-evaluated.

Résumé

Des populations du puceron du pois, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), ont été échantillonnées pendant l’été de 1984 de cinq lignées et en 1985 et 1986 de six lignées de pois des champs, Pisum sativum L., cultivées aux terrains des champs au sud du Manitoba. Les modèles de la croissance de la population des pucerons du pois ont été généralement semblables pendant toute année que ce soit. Les populations de pucerons sur toutes les lignées à chaque année ont resté relativement basses jusqu’à la mi-juillet, ensuite elles ont augmenté rapidement, ont passé par leurs apogées au début d’août, et ont diminué vivement aux niveaux bas à la fin d’août. Au moment de l’apogée, des différences significatives à la densité des populations des pucerons ont été trouvées pendant 2 ans parmi les lignées; les densités les plus bases ont été trouvées aux lignées Century et Tipu, et les densités les plus élevées aux lignées Triump ou Trapper. L’alimentation des pucerons du pois n’a pas été nuisible à aucun paramètre du rendement, sauf le poids de 1000 graines en terrains où la densité des pucerons n ’a pas été réglée. Les différences en affluence du puceron parmi les lignées n’ont pas été retrouvées pour les rendements. Pendant une période de 3 ans, la ligne de régression de la densité du puceron aux poids de graines de Century a été significativemeni plus à pic que celle de Trapper, de Lenca ou de Tara. Trapper a été touchée le moindre par l’alimentation du puceron. Les résultats ont indiqué que le seuil économique des pucerons du pois sur les pois autres que Century devrait être re-évalué.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 122 , Issue 3 , June 1990 , pp. 503 - 513
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ali-Khan, S.T. 1973. Triumph field pea. Can. J. Plant Sci. 53: 697–698.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ali-Khan, S.T., and Zimmer, R.C.. 1989. Production of field peas in Canada. Agric. Can. Publ. 1710/E. 21 pp.Google Scholar
Canadian Grain Commission. 1988. Peas. Section 13 in Canadian Grain Commission, Official Grain Grading Guide. Canadian Grain Commission, Inspection Division, Agriculture Canada, Winnipeg.Google Scholar
Cartier, J.J. 1963. Varietal resistance of peas to pea aphid biotypes under field and greenhouse conditions. J. econ. Ent. 56: 205–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gane, A.J., Biddle, A.J., Knott, G.M., and Eagle, A.J.. 1984. The PRGO Pea Growing Handbook. Processors and Growers Research Organization, Peterborough. England. 84 pp.Google Scholar
Lamb, R.J., and Maiteki, G.A.. 1985. Pea aphid control in field peas. Agric. Can. Canadex 621: 142. 3 pp.Google Scholar
Lowe, H.J.B. 1971. Relationship of the movement of aphids over the host plant to their spatial distribution. Bull. ent. Res. 60: 599–605.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maiteki, G.A., and Lamb, R.J.. 1985 a. Spray timing and economic threshold for the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae), on field peas in Manitoba. J. econ. Ent. 78: 1449–1454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maiteki, G.A., and Lamb, R.J.. 1985 b. Growth stages of field peas sensitive to damage by the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae). J. econ. Ent. 78: 1442–1448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maiteki, G.A., and Lamb, R.J.. 1987. Sequential decision plan for control of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae), on field peas in Manitoba. J. econ. Ent. 80: 605–607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maiteki, G.A., Lamb, R.J., and Ali-Khan, S.T.. 1986. Seasonal abundance of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae), in Manitoba field peas. Can. Ent. 118: 601–607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Müller, F.P. 1984. [Importance of light in the settling behavior of two races of the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris).] Dtsch. Ent. Z., Berlin 31: 201–214. [In German.]Google Scholar
Newman, W., and Pimentel, D.. 1974. Garden peas resistant to the pea aphid. J. econ. Ent. 67: 365–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poston, F.L., Pedigo, L.P., and Welch, S.M.. 1983. Economic injury levels: reality and practicality. Bull. ent. Soc. Am. 29: 49–53.Google Scholar
SAS Institute. 1985. SAS User's Guide: Statistics, 5th ed. SAS Institute, Cary, NC. 956 pp.Google Scholar
Shaposhnikov, G. 1959. [The initiation and evolution of the change of host plants and diapause in plant-lice (Aphididae) in the course of the adaptation of the annual cycles of their host plant.] Ent. Obozrenie. 38: 483–504. [In Russian.]Google Scholar
Soroka, J.J. 1989. Pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), populations on cultivars of field peas in Manitoba and their effects on pea yield. Ph.D. thesis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. 209 pp.Google Scholar
Yencho, G.S., Getzin, L.W., and Long, G.E.. 1986. Economic injury level, action threshold, and a yield-loss model for the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae) on green peas, Pisum sativum. J. econ. Ent. 79: 1681–1687.CrossRefGoogle Scholar