Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-01T00:19:47.537Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

RATE OF DEVELOPMENT, REPRODUCTION, AND MASS-REARING OF APANTELES FUMIFERANAE VIER. (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

V.G. Nealis  and
S. Fraser
V.G. Nealis
Affiliation:
Canadian Forestry Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7
S. Fraser
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The temperature-dependent rate of development of the post-diapause larval and pupal stages of the spruce budworm parasitoid, Apanteles fumiferanae Vier., was estimated under controlled conditions. Parasitoid larvae required 289.0 degree-days (DD) above a threshold of 8.1 °C to complete development and the pupae required 106.2 DD above a threshold of 9.6 °C to complete development. Longevity of the adult wasp at several temperatures also was examined. Female wasps lived longer than male wasps at all temperatures. Wasps tended to mate more readily under natural than under artificial light conditions.

Newly emerged female A. fumiferanae had few, if any, mature eggs in their ovaries. The number of mature eggs increased to a peak of 40–75 eggs, 4–12 days after eclosion of the adult. The pattern in number of ovipositions was similar to this pattern of egg availability. The daily rate of oviposition, however, was only about one-quarter the number of eggs available.

These biological measurements are discussed in view of the development of a mass-rearing technique for this parasitoid.

Résumé

La vitesse de développement contrôlée par la température des larves après la diapause et des nymphes du parasitoïde de la tordeuse des bourgeons de l’épinette Apanteles fumiferanae Vier. a été estimée en conditions contrôlées. Les larves ont besoin de 289,0 degrés-jours au-dessus d’une température-seuil de 8,1 °C pour terminer leur développement tandis que les nymphes ont eu besoin de 106,2 degrés-jours au-dessus de 9,6 °C. La longévité des adultes à plusieurs températures a également été examinée. À toutes les températures, les femelles vivaient plus longtemps que les mâles. En général, l’éclairage naturel était plus propice aux accouplements que l’éclairage artificiel.

Les ovaires de femelles nouvellement émergées d’A. fumiferanae comptaient peu d’oeufs matures, sinon aucun. Le nombre d’oeufs matures augmentait pour atteindre une pointe de 40 à 75 entre le 4ème et le 12ème jour après l’éclosion. Des caractéristiques semblables ont été observées pour le nombre d’ovipositions. Toutefois, le nombre d’oeufs pondus par jour correspondait à seulement le quart environ du nombre d’oeufs disponibles.

On analyse ces résultats en considérant les possibilités d’élevage de masse de ce parasitoïde.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 120 , Issue 3 , March 1988 , pp. 197 - 204
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Brown, N.R. 1946. Studies on parasites of the spruce budworm, Archips fumiferana (Clem.) I. Life history of Apanteles fumiferanae Viereck (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Can. Ent. 78: 121–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, A., Frazer, B.D., Gilbert, N., Gutierrez, A.P., Mackauer, M.. 1974. Temperature requirements of some aphids and their parasites. J. Appl. Ecol. 11: 431–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flanders, S.E. 1942. Oosorption and ovulation in relation to oviposition in the parasitic Hymenoptera. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 35: 251–266.Google Scholar
Flanders, S.E. 1950. Regulation of ovulation and egg disposal in the parasitic Hymenoptera. Can. Ent. 82: 134–140.Google Scholar
Grisdale, D. 1970. An improved laboratory method for rearing large numbers of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Ent. 102: 1111–1117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, P.E., Ratcliffe, N.A., Copland, M.J.W.. 1969. The structure of the egg membranes in Apanteles glomeratus (L.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 44: 137–142.Google Scholar
Lewis, F.B. 1960. Factors affecting assessment of parasitization by Apanteles fumiferanae Vier. and Glypta fumiferanae (Vier.) on spruce budworm larvae. Can. Ent. 92: 881–891.Google Scholar
Lysyk, T.J., Nealis, V.G.. 1988. Thermal requirements for development of the jack pine budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and two of its parasitoids (Hymenoptera). J. econ. Ent. In press.Google Scholar
McLeod, J.M. 1977. Distribution of ovipositional attacks by parasitoids on overwintering larvae of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Ent. 109: 789–796.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMorran, A. 1965. A synthetic diet for the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Ent. 97: 58–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, C.A. 1958. The measurement of spruce budworm populations and mortality during the first and second larval instars. Can. J. Zool. 36: 409–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, C.A. 1959. The interaction of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), and the parasite Apanteles fumiferanae Vier. Can. Ent. 91: 457–477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, C.A., Renault, T.R.. 1976. Incidence of parasitoids attacking endemic spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations in New Brunswick. Can. Ent. 108: 1045–1052.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nealis, V., Régnière, J.. 1987: The influence of parasitism by Apanteles fumiferanae Vier. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on spring dispersal and changes in the distribution of the larvae of the spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Ent. 119: 141–146.Google Scholar
Nealis, V.G., Smith, S.M.. 1987. Interaction of Apanteles fumiferanae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Nosema fumiferanae (Microsporida) parasitizing spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. J. Zool. 65: 2047–2050.Google Scholar
Shon, F.L., Shea, P.J.. 1977. Increased rearing efficiency of two hymenopterous parasites using a non-diapausing host species, Choristoneura occidentalis. Environ. Ent. 5: 277–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, A.W. 1984. Individual rearing of spruce budworm larvae. Can. For. Serv., Ottawa, Ont. CFS Res. Notes 4: 23–25.Google Scholar