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QUANTITATIVE AND SEASONAL ASSOCIATION OF THE PITCH CANKER FUNGUS, FUSARIUM SUBGLUTINANS F. SP. PINI WITH CONOPHTHORUS RADIATAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) AND ERNOBIUS PUNCTULATUS (COLEOPTERA: ANOBIIDAE) WHICH INFEST PINUS RADIATA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Kelli Hoover ,
David L. Wood ,
Joseph W. Fox  and
William E. Bros
Kelli Hoover
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California, USA 95616
David L. Wood*
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA 94720
Joseph W. Fox
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA 94720
William E. Bros
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, California, USA 95192
*
1Author to whom reprint requests should be addressed.
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Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the quantitative and seasonal association between the pitch canker fungus, Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini, and two potential beetle vectors, Conophthorus radiatae Hopkins and Ernobius punctulatus Fall. In samples of reared and dissected cones, 21.4 ± 2.5% of C. radiatae and 30.1 ± 8.0% of E. punctulatus adults carried propagules of F. s. pini. Seasonal variation in mean percentage of contaminated C. radiatae and E. punctulatus emerged from cones ranged from 0 to 67% and was highest for both species February through April. In sticky traps 12.5 ± 2.3% and 11.8 ± 3.6% of E. punctulatus and Pityophthorus spp., respectively, were contaminated with propagules of F. s. pini.

Conophthorus radiatae and E. punctulatus co-occurred in 26% of the cones. The percentage of cones containing contaminated C. radiatae was greater when E. punctulatus progeny were also contaminated than when E. punctulatus was not. When contamination status of E. punctulatus was not considered, there was no significant difference in C. radiatae contamination between cones with and without E. punctulatus. Because C. radiatae appears to be a vector of the pitch canker fungus, interspecific transmission of inoculum may increase the incidence of this disease.

The parasitoid, Cephalonomia utahensis Brues (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), was frequently observed parasitizing late-instar larvae of E. punctulatus, but was not found on larvae of C. radiatae. Emergence of large numbers of C. utahensis represents another potential source of inoculum for transmission to prey species.

Résumé

Nous avons tenté de déterminer l’association quantitative et saisonnière qui existe entre le chancre fusarien Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini et deux coléoptères vecteurs potentiels de la maladie, Conophthorus radiatae Hopkins et Ernobius punctulatus Fall. L’examen de cônes gardés jusqu’à maturité et de cônes disséqués a révélé que 21,4 ± 2,5% des adultes de C. radiatae et 30,1 ± 8,0% des adultes d’E. punctulatus portaient des propagules du champignon. La variation saisonnière du pourcentage moyen des coléoptères contaminés sortis des cônes se situait entre 0 et 67% et c’est de février à avril qu’elle était le plus élevée chez les deux espèces. Dans des pièges collants, 12,5 ± 2,3% des E. punctulatus et 11,8 ± 3,6% des Pityophthorus spp. capturés étaient contaminés.

Conophthorus radiatae et E. punctulatus cohabitaient des 26% des cônes. Le pourcentage de cônes contenant des C. radiatae contaminés était plus élevé lorsque la progéniture d’E. punctulatus était contaminée aussi. Lorsque la contamination d’E. punctulatus n’était pas prise en considération, il n’y avait pas de variation significative de la contamination des C. radiatae entre les cônes qui contenaient des E. punctulatus et deux qui n’en contenaient pas. Comme C. radiatae semble être un vecteur de la maladie, la transmission interspécifique de l’inoculum peut augmenter les chances de propagation de la maladie.

Le parasitoïde Cephalonomia utahensis Brues (Hymenoptera : Bethylidae) a souvent été observé chez les larves des derniers stades d’E. punctulatus mais jamais chez les larves de C. utahensis représente une autre source potentielle d’inoculum transmissible aux autres espèces de proies.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 127 , Issue 1 , February 1995 , pp. 79 - 91
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1995

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