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POPULATION STUDIES ON THE WINTER MOTH OPEROPHTERA BRUMATA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) IN APPLE ORCHARDS IN NOVA SCOTIA1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

A. MacPhee
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada B4N 1J5
A. Newton
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada B4N 1J5
K.B. McRae
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada B4N 1J5

Abstract

The winter moth Operophtera brumata (L.) is a serious introduced pest of apple trees in Nova Scotia. It spread westward through orchards of the Annapolis Valley in the 1950’s and to other deciduous trees throughout Nova Scotia later. The parasites Cyzenis albicans (Fall.) and Agrypon flaveolatum (Grav.) were liberated during 1961 in Nova Scotia and gradually spread throughout the winter moth population. Population dynamics studies were conducted in insecticide-free orchards and corroborated with observations in neglected unsprayed apple trees over a wide area. The winter moth population reached a balanced level in unsprayed orchards at varying densities below the limits of its food supply, but well above an acceptable level for commercial apple production. In young orchards, where trees cover a small percentage of the ground, natural dispersal of larvae appeared to be a suppressing factor. In mature orchards mortality was density dependent during the prepupal to adult stage; mortality was partly due to parasitism and predation but also to other factors.

Résumé

L’arpenteuse tardive, Operophtera brumata (L.), est un ravageur redoutable introduit dans les vergers de pommes de la Nouvelle-Écosse. Il s’est répandu à l’ouest grâce aux vergers de la vallée d’Annapolis dans les années 50 et s’est attaqué plus tard à d’autres feuillus dans toute la province. Les parasites Cyzenis albicans (Fall.) et Agrypon flaveolatum (Grav.) ont été lâchés en 1961 et se sont répandus graduellement dans toute la population d’arpenteuses. Des études sur la dynamique des populations ont été effectuées dans des vergers non traités aux insecticides et corroborées par des observations faites dans des vergers négligés non traités sur une grande superficie. La population d’arpenteuses atteint un équilibre dans les vergers non traités, à des densités variables inférieures aux limites de ses ressources alimentaires, mais de beaucoup supérieures au niveau acceptable pour la production commerciale. Dans les jeunes vergers où la frondaison ne couvre qu’un faible pourcentage du sol, la dispersion naturelle des larves semble être un facteur suppressif. Dans les vergers adultes, la mortalité est tributaire de la densité du stade prépupal au stade adulte; la mortalité est partiellement attribuable au parasitisme et à la prédation, mais aussi à d’autres facteurs.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1988

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