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PHOTOPERIODISM AND LIFE CYCLE PLASTICITY OF AN APHID, MACROSIPHUM EUPHORBIAE (THOMAS), FROM CENTRAL NORTH AMERICA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

R.J. Lamb  and
P.A. MacKay
R.J. Lamb
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
P.A. MacKay
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
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Abstract

Photoperiodic responses are described for five clones of the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Homoptera: Aphididae), from Manitoba, Canada, a region with a strongly seasonal, continental climate. When exposed to long nights, parthenogenetic wingless females produce winged males and parthenogenetic winged females that subsequently produce mating females. The young adult males and winged females are restless and take flight readily, which is typical of a post-teneral migratory phase that could carry them to a winter host. These traits are characteristic of host-alternating species. However, wingless females also produce mating females, and winged females also produce parthenogenetic wingless females, traits which are characteristic of nonhost-alternating species. Clones differ in the frequencies of phenotypes they produce, some being more host-alternating than others. Critical night lengths are shortest and frequencies of males highest for clones that are closest to the host-alternating type of life cycle. The importance of phenotypic and genotypic plasticity in the life cycle is discussed.

Résumé

On trouvera ici la description des réactions à la photopériode chez cinq clones du Puceron de la pomme de terre, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Homoptera : Aphididae), du Manitoba, Canada, région au climat continental fortement saisonnier. Lorsque les nuits sont longues, les femelles aptères parthénogénétiques produisent des mâles ailés et des femelles ailées parthénogénétiques qui produiront éventuellement des femelles reproductrices. Les jeunes adultes mâles et les femelles ailées sont agitées et s’envolent spontanément, un comportement typique des adultes migrateurs et qui peut les emporter vers un hôte où ils passeront l’hiver. Ces caractéristiques sont particulières aux espèces dioeciques. Cependant, les femelles aptères produisent aussi des femelles reproductrices et les femelles ailées produisent aussi des femelles aptères parthénogénétiques, propriétés typiques d’une espèce monoecique. Les clones diffèrent quant à la fréquence des phenotypes qu’ils produisent et certains sont plus dioeciques que d’autres. La durée critique des nuits est plus courte et la fréquence des mâles, plus élevée chez les clones qui ont plus tendance à changer d’hôte. L’importance de la plasticité phénotypique et génotypique du cycle biologique est examinée.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 129 , Issue 6 , December 1997 , pp. 1035 - 1048
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1997

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