Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T08:31:10.202Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

PHARATE PHASES IN TIPULA PALUDOSA (DIPTERA: TIPULIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Mary Stewart  and
Gordon Pritchard
Mary Stewart
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4
Gordon Pritchard*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4
*
* Author for correspondence.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Tipula paludosa spends increasing periods of time in a pharate condition with each succeeding molt. The pupa is entirely pharate since larval–pupal ecdysis coincides with pupal–adult apolysis, and the larger part of the adult instar is also spent in a pharate condition. The fact that the instar usually referred to as the pupa is actually a pharate adult should be clearly understood by physiologists, ethologists, and ecologists.

Résumé

Tipula paludosa passe de plus en plus de temps à l'état pharate à chaque mue successive. La pupe est pharate pour toute sa durée étant donné que l'ecdysis larve-pupe coïncide avec l'apolyse pupe-adulte, et une partie importante du stade adulte est également passée à l'état pharate. Le fait que le stade appelé pupe est en fait un adulte pharate devrait être clairement compris par les physiologistes, éthologistes, et écologistes.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 114 , Issue 3 , March 1982 , pp. 275 - 278
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Butterfield, J. 1976. Effect of photoperiod on a winter and on a summer diapause in two species of cranefly (Tipulidae). J. Insect Physiol. 22: 1443–1446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byers, G. W. 1961. The cranefly genus Dolichopeza in North America. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 42: 665–924.Google Scholar
Fraenkel, G. and Bhaskaram, G.. 1973. Pupariation and pupation in cyclorrhaphous flies (Diptera): terminology and interpretation. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 66: 418–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, B. E. 1964. A population study of Tipula species (Diptera, Tipulidae). J. Anim. Ecol. 33: 129–140.Google Scholar
Hinton, H. E. 1946. Concealed phases in the metamorphosis of insects. Nature, Lond. 157: 552–553.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hinton, H. E. 1954. On the structure and function of the respiratory horn of the pupa of the genus Pseudolimnophila (Diptera: Tipulidae). Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (A) 29: 135–140.Google Scholar
Hinton, H. E. 1958. Concealed phases in the metamorphosis of insects. Sci. Progr. 46: 260–275.Google Scholar
Hinton, H. E. 1968. Spiracular gills. Adv. Insect Physiol. 5: 65–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinton, H. E. 1973. Neglected phases in metamorphosis: A reply to V. B. Wigglesworth. J. Ent. (A) 48: 57–68.Google Scholar
Hinton, H. E. 1976. Notes on neglected phases in metamorphosis and a reply to J. M. Whitten. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 69: 560–565.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, J. C. 1978. A note on the use of the terms instar and stage. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 71: 491–492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laughlin, R. 1958. The rearing of crane flies (Tipulidae). Entomologia exp. appl. 1: 241–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pantin, C. F. A. 1960. Notes on Microscopical Technique for Zoologists. Cambridge Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Passonneau, J. V. and Williams, C. M.. 1953. The moulting fluid of the cecropia silkworm. J. exp. Biol. 30: 545–560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pritchard, G. and Stewart, M.. How cranefly larvae breathe. Can. J. Zool. (in press).Google Scholar
Snodgrass, R. E. 1935. Principles of Insect Morphology. McGraw-Hill, N.Y.Google Scholar
Steedman, H. F. 1960. Section Cutting in Microscopy. Thomas, Springfield.Google Scholar
Whitten, J. M. 1976. Definition of insect instars in terms of ‘apolysis' or ‘ecdysis'. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 69: 556–559.Google Scholar
Wigglesworth, V. B. 1973. The significance of “apolysis” in the moulting of insects. J. Ent. (A) 47: 141–149.Google Scholar