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Orientation response of Pacific coast wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) to food baits in laboratory and effectiveness of baits in field

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

David R. Horton*
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, Washington, United States 98951
Peter J. Landolt
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, Washington, United States 98951
*
1 Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]).

Abstract

Assays were done in the laboratory and field to monitor the response of Pacific coast wireworm, Limonius canus LeConte, to food baits. A glass-plate assay was used in laboratory trials to study movement of wireworm larvae through soil in response to several food baits, including germinating seeds of grains, rolled oats [Avenu sauva L. (Poaceae)], carrot [Daucus carota L. (Umbelliferae)], and potato [Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae)]. Studies were also done with these baits to determine effectiveness under field conditions. In both laboratory and field trials, germinating seed of wheat [Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae)] and barley [Hordeum vulgare L. (Poaceae)] ranked higher in response by larvae than the remaining food baits. In the glass-plate assays, 65–70% of wireworms contacted the wheat or barley seed baits within a 2-h assay period. Corn [Zea mays L. (Poaceae)] seed and sliced carrot were also effective, with 60% of larvae contacting the baits. Rice [Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae)], rye [Secale cereale L. (Poaceae)], and potato were contacted by 30–45% of larvae. In the majority of assays, contact with the bait occurred within 30 min of the start of the assay. Trail lengths varied substantially among larvae (0–70 cm). The field studies showed that all food baits captured more wireworms than unbaited traps. A second assay conducted in the laboratory showed that moistened rolled oats were contacted with a higher probability if oats were aged 72 h following wetting (51% of larvae contacted the bait) than oats used immediately following wetting (28% of larvae). Field trials using baits composed of different volumes of rolled oats showed little evidence of a dose response in capture rates of L. canus, although all baits captured more wireworms than unbaited traps. These studies showed that L. canus is attracted to food baits in both laboratory and field trials, and that baits may prove useful to monitor populations of this pest in the field.

Résumé

Des expériences en laboratoire et en nature ont servi à évaluer la réaction de calidies du Pacifique, Limonius canus LeConte, à la présence d’appâts de nourriture. Des tests sur plaque de verre ont été utilisés en laboratoire pour étudier les déplacements des larves dans le sol en réaction à plusieurs appâts de nourriture dont plusieurs graines en germination de céréales, des flocons d'avoine [Avena sativa L. (Poaceae)], des carottes [Daucus carota L. (Umbelliferae)] et des pommes de terre [Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae)]. L’efficacité de ces appâts a également été éprouvée en nature. En laboratoire aussi bien qu’en nature, les graines en germination du blé [Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae)] et de l’orge [Hordeum vulgare L. (Poaceae)] sont les appâts qui ont suscité les plus fortes réactions chez les larves. Au cours des expériences sur plaque de verre, d'une durée de 2 h, 65–70% des larves ont fait contact avec des graines de blé ou d’orge. Le maïs [Zea mays L. (Poaceae)] et les carottes en tranches ont également été efficaces et ont attiré 60% des larves. Le riz [Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae)], le seigle [Secale cereale L. (Poaceae)] et la pomme de terre ont été approchés par 30–45% des larves. Dans la plupart des cas, le contact avec l’appât se faisait au cours des 30 premières min de l’expérience. La longueur des trajets parcourus variait considérablement d’une larve à l’autre (0–70 cm). Les études sur le terrain ont démontré que tous les appâts de nourriture ont capturé plus de calidies que les pièges sans appâts. Une deuxième expérience en laboratoire a montré que les flocons d’avoine mouillés étaient plus susceptibles d’être trouvés par les larves si on les avait humidifiés 72 h avant de les utiliser (51% des larves); les flocons utilisés immédiatement après leur mouillage attiraient moins de larves (28% des larves). En nature, les appâts constitués de différents volumes de flocons d’avoine ont donné lieu à des captures de L. canus apparemment indépendantes de la dose, mais tous les pièges appâtés ont capturé plus de larves de calidies que les pièges sans appât. Nos résultats indiquent que L. canus est attiré par des appâts de nourriture aussi bien en laboratoire qu’en nature et les appâts pourront s’avérer fort utiles pour évaluer les populations de ce ravageur en nature.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2002

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