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Occurrence of resistance to insecticides in populations of the obliquebanded leafroller from orchards

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

D.J. Pree*
Affiliation:
Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Vineland Station, Ontario, Canada L0R 2E0
K.J. Whitty
Affiliation:
Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Vineland Station, Ontario, Canada L0R 2E0
M.K. Pogoda
Affiliation:
Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Vineland Station, Ontario, Canada L0R 2E0
L.A. Bittner
Affiliation:
Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Vineland Station, Ontario, Canada L0R 2E0
*
1 Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed.

Abstract

The occurrence and distribution of resistance to insecticides in populations of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), from apple, Malus × domestica Borkhauser (Rosaceae), and pear, Pyrus communis L. (Rosaceae), orchards in the various production areas of southern Ontario were assessed in the laboratory and field from 1993 to 1999. Laboratory bioassays were conducted with neonate larvae from the first laboratory generation. Responses of populations from commercial orchards where control failures had occurred or where populations were large or damaging were compared with populations from unsprayed wild hosts. Resistance to azinphosmethyl and to pyrethroids and methomyl was identified in populations from all areas. Resistance levels ranged from 4- to 27-fold for azinphosmethyl, 4- to 8-fold for cypermethrin (a representative pyrethroid), and 3- to 5-fold for methomyl. In the field, deltamethrin was more effective than azinphosmethyl against a population resistant to both insecticides. Resistance to azinphosmethyl was unstable and rapidly declined in a population newly established in the laboratory and not selected with azinphosmethyl. After selection for nine generations, resistance declined only slowly when selection pressure was removed for four generations. This instability may be exploited in the management of resistance, but the possible cross-resistance between azinphosmethyl and pyrethroids needs clarification.

Résumé

De 1993 à 1999, nous avons étudié, en nature et en laboratoire, la résistance aux insecticides chez des populations de la Tordeuse à bandes obliques, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae), dans des vergers de pommiers, Malus × domestica Borkhauser (Rosaceae), et de poiriers, Pyrus communis L. (Rosaceae), dans diverses régions de production du sud de l’Ontario; nous avons également examiné la répartition des populations résistantes. Pour les expériences en laboratoire, nous avons utilisé des larves néonates de la première génération obtenue en laboratoire. Les réactions de populations dans des vergers commerciaux où la lutte n’a rien apporté et là où les populations étaient importantes et nuisibles ont été comparées à celles de populations témoins habitant des hôtes non traités. Des populations de toutes les régions se sont montrées résistantes à l’azinphosméthyle, aux pyréthroïdes et au méthomyl. Les degrés de résistance à l’azinphosméthyle étaient de 4 à 27 fois plus élevés que chez les populations témoins, à la cyperméthrine (un pyréthroïde typique), de 4 à 8 fois plus élevés, et au méthomyl, de 3 à 5 fois plus élevé. En nature, la deltaméthrine s’est montrée plus efficace que l’azinphosméthyle contre une population résistante aux deux insecticides. La résistance à l’azinphosméthyle était instable et elle a diminué rapidement chez une population établie depuis peu en laboratoire et n’ayant pas subi de sélection pour la résistance à l’azinphosméthyle. Après une sélection de neuf générations, la résistance a diminué lentement pendant quatre générations, seulement après que la pression de sélection eut été enlevée. Cette instabilité peut être exploitée en gestion de la résistance, mais la résistance croisée à l’azinphosméthyle et aux pyréthroïdes demeure un phénomène obscur.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2001

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