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THE LINNÆAN GENUS GRYLLUS
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 31 May 2012
Extract
The Linnæan genus Gryllus, as first recognized in the tenth edition of Systema Naturæ, was composed of a number of sections which, while some have been recognized, are generally discarded. These names are used in the sense of subgenera, and as such are entitled to recognition. The case in hand being a deeply involved one, we must find some guide to be used as a standard in properly handling these names, and as to-day the Code of the American Ornithologists' Union is generally recognized as the vade mecum, we shall follow that. Canon XIX. of this Code is to the effect that a name “once established is never to be cancelled in any subsequent subdivision of the group, but retained in a restricted sense for one of the constituent portions.” With this before us we must proceed to find on what a name should be retained. As was the case with the earlier writers (and is frequently the case with modern writers), Linnæus specified no types, and we must refer to the Code for help. Canon XXIV. informs us that “when no type is specified, the only available method of fixing the original name to some part of the genus to which it was originally applied is by the process of elimination, subject to the single modification provided for by Canon XXIII.” The last mentioned Canon is as follows: “If, however, the genus contains both exotic and non-exotic species—from the standpoint of the original author —and the generic term is one originally applied by the ancient Greeks or Romans, the process of elimination is to be restricted to the non-exotic species.” Of the six Linnæan subgenera—Mantis, Bulla, Acheta, Acrida, Tettigonia and Locusta—four are classic: Mantis, Acheta, Tettigonia and Locusta.
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