Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T04:27:06.765Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

THE LIFE HISTORY OF IPS CALLIGRAPHUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) WITH NOTES ON ITS BIOLOGY IN CALIFORNIA1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

D. L. Wood
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology and Parasitology,University of California, Berkeley
R. W. Stark
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology and Parasitology,University of California, Berkeley

Abstract

Ips calligraphus (Germar) is distributed continentally throughout North America, including Guatemala and British Honduras. It has been collected on only rare occasions in California, primarily in the central Sierra Nevada Mountains. Four generations were observed during 1961 and 1962, and average summer development required about 40 days. All stages except the egg were observed in the winter. The unique gallery system exhibits four to six egg galleries, which range in length from 25.4 to 38.1 cm, and radiate characteristically from a large, irregular, nuptial chamber excavated by the male. At Grass Valley, Cal., this bark beetle was observed breeding predominantly in the thick-barked portions of the lower bole. Its galleries are often intermixed with those of Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, I. confusus LeConte, I. latidens LeConte, and Melanophila californica Van Dyke in ponderosa pine. I. confusus was the most abundant species of Ips in all localities where I. calligraphus was found.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1968

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Beal, J. A., and Massey, C. L.. 1945. Bark beetles and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytoidea): with special reference to species occurring in North Carolina. Duke Univ. School For. Bull. 10.Google Scholar
Cameron, E. A., and Borden, J. A.. 1967. Emergence patterns of Ips confusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) from ponderosa pine. Can. Ent. 99: 236244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chamberlin, W. J. 1939. The bark and timber beetles of North America north of Mexico. Ore. St. Coll. Coop. Ass., Corvallis.Google Scholar
Chansler, J. F. 1964. Overwintering habits of Ips lecontei Sw. and Ips confusus (LeC.) in Arizona and New Mexico. U.S. Dep. Agric. Forest Serv. Res. Note RM-27.Google Scholar
Critchfield, W. B., and Little, E. L. Jr., 1966. Geographic distribution of the pines of the world. US. Dep. Agric. Forest Serv., Misc. Publ. 991.Google Scholar
Gobeil, A. R. 1936. The biology of Ips perturbatus Eichhoff. Can. J. Res. 14: 181204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haliburton, W. 1943. Some factors in the environmental resistance of Ips DeGeer. M.A. Thesis, School of Forestry, Duke University.Google Scholar
Hopping, G. R. 1965. The North American species in Group X of Ips De Geer (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Ent. 97: 803809.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keen, F. P. 1929. Insect enemies of California pines and their control. State of California, Dept. of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry, Bull. 7.Google Scholar
Keen, F. P. 1933. A note on the hibernation habits of some engraver beetles of the genus Ips. J. econ. Ent. 26: 297298.Google Scholar
Orr, L. W. 1935. A correction in the recorded hibernation habits of two species of Ips bark beetles in Minnesota. J. econ. Ent. 28: 10211022.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reid, R. W. 1955. The bark beetle complex associated with lodgepole pine slash in Alberta. Can. Ent. 87: 311323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwerdtfeger, F. 1956. Scolytidae (Col.) on Pinus – Arten in Mittel Amerika. I. Das Genus Ips DeGeer. Z. angew. Ent. 39: 3457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Struble, G. R., and Hall, R. C.. 1955. The California five-spined engraver, its biology and control. U.S. Dep. Agric. Circ. 964.Google Scholar
Thatcher, R. C. 1960. Bark beetles affecting southern pines: a review of current knowledge. U.S. Dep. Agric. Forest Serv., Southern Forest Exp Stn, Occ. Pap. 180.Google Scholar
Thomas, J. B. 1961. The life history of Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Ent. 93: 384390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trimble, F. M. 1924. Life history and habits of two Pacific Coast bark beetles. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 17: 382391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, E. B. 1927. Notes on the hibernation of the spruce bark beetle, Ips perturbatus Eichh. in northern Ontario. Can. Ent. 59: 120121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkinson, R. C. 1963. Larval instars and head capsule morphology in three southeastern Ips bark beetles. Fla Ent. 46: 1922.Google Scholar
Wray, C. 1951. Biology of Ips calligraphus Germar. M.F. Thesis, School of Forestry, Duke University.Google Scholar

An addendum has been issued for this article: