Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T07:05:26.488Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

INDUCTION OF DIAPAUSE IN CULEX PIPIENS AND CULEX RESTUANS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

D. J. Madder ,
G. A. Surgeoner  and
B. V. Helson
D. J. Madder
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
G. A. Surgeoner
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
B. V. Helson
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Culex pipiens entered diapause in early July with more than 90% in diapause by mid-August. Onset of diapause in Culex restuans was in early July with greater than 80% in diapause by late July. The incidence of diapause in C. pipiens increased when larvae were reared at low temperatures or high densities under similar photoperiod conditions. Diapausing adult females of C. pipiens and C. restuans had ratios of follicle:germarium length of less than 2.00:1.00. Ovarioles of recently emerged diapausing C. pipiens developed to the nondiapause stage in 3–4 weeks when held at 25 °C and a photoperiod of 16L:8D. Ovarioles of diapausing C. pipiens in the field did not develop to the nondiapause state before females left their overwintering sites in the spring.

Résumé

Culex pipiens est entré en diapause en juillet, et l'incidence de diapause atteignait 90% à la mi-août. Chez Culex restuans la diapause a commencé tôt en juillet, ayant atteint plus de 80% d'incidence tard en juillet. L'incidence de diapause chez C. pipiens a augmenté lorsque les larves ont été élevées à basse température ou à haute densité, sans changement de photopériode. Chez les femelles diapausantes de C. pipiens et de C. restuans, le rapport de longueur follicule : germarium était inférieur à 2.00 : 1.00. Les ovarioles de femelles diapausantes de C. pipiens récemment émergées se sont développées jusqu'en phase non-diapausante en l'espace de 3 à 4 semaines à 25 °C et sous une photopériode de 16L : 8N. Sur le terrain, les ovarioles de C. pipiens en diapause n'ont pas atteint le stade non-diapausant avant d'avoir quitté les sites d'hivernement au printemps.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 115 , Issue 8 , August 1983 , pp. 877 - 883
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1983

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bailey, C. L., Faran, M. E., Gargan, T. P., and Hayes, D. E.. 1982. Winter survival of blood-fed and nonbloodfed Culex pipiens L. Am. J. trop. Med. Hyg. 31: 1054–1061.Google Scholar
Ehrenberg, H. A. 1966. Some comparisons of a pigeon-baited trap with a New Jersey light trap. Proc. N.J. Mosq. Exterm. Assoc. 53: 175–182.Google Scholar
Eldridge, B. F. 1968. The effect of temperature and photoperiod on blood feeding and ovarian development in mosquitoes of the C. pipiens complex. Am. J. trop. Med. Hyg. 17: 133–140.Google Scholar
Eldridge, B. F. and Bailey, C. L.. 1979. Experimental hibernation studies in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae): Reactivation of ovarian development and blood feeding in prehibemating females. J. med. Ent. 15: 462–467.Google Scholar
Eldridge, B. F., Bailey, C. L., and Johnson, M. D.. 1972. A preliminary study of the geographic distribution and overwintering of Culex restuans Theobald and Culex salinarius Coquillett (Diptera: Culicidae). J. med. Ent. 9: 233–238.Google Scholar
Eldridge, B. F., Johnson, M. D., and Bailey, C. L.. 1976. Comparative studies of 2 North American mosquito species: Culex restuans and Culex salinarius: response to temperature and photoperiod in the laboratory. Mosquito News 36: 506–513.Google Scholar
Feldlaufer, M. F. and Crans, W. J.. 1979. The relative attractiveness of carbon dioxide to parous and nulliparous mosquitoes. J. med. Ent. 15: 140–142.Google Scholar
Gerberg, E. J. 1970. Manual for mosquito rearing and experimental techniques. Bull. 5, Am. Mosq. Cont. Assoc. 109 pp.Google Scholar
Helson, B. V., Surgeoner, G. A., and Wright, R.E. 1980. The seasonal distribution and species composition of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected during a St. Louis encephalitis surveillance program from 1976 to 1978 in southwestern Ontario. Can. Ent. 112: 865–874.Google Scholar
Madder, D. J., MacDonald, R. S., Surgeoner, G. A., and Helson, B. V.. 1980. The use of oviposition activity to monitor populations of Culex pipiens and Culex restuans (Diptera: Culicidae). Can. Ent. 112: 1013–1017.Google Scholar
Madder, D. J., Surgeoner, G. A., and Helson, B. V.. 1983. Number of generations, egg production and development time of Culex pipiens L. and Culex restuans Theo. (Diptera: Culicidae) in southern Ontario. J. med. Ent. 20: 269–281.Google Scholar
Magnarelli, L. A. 1975. Relative abundance and parity of mosquitoes collected in dry-ice baited and unbaited CDC miniature light traps. Mosquito News 35: 350–353.Google Scholar
Mahdy, M. S., Spence, L., and Joshua, J. M.. 1979. Arboviral encephalitides in Ontario with special reference to St. Louis encephalitis. Ont. Ministry of Health. 364 pp.Google Scholar
Mitchell, C. J. 1981. Diapause termination, gonoactivity and differentiation of host-seeking behavior from blood-feeding behavior in hibernating Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae). J. med. Ent. 18: 386–394.Google Scholar
Nie, N. H., Hull, C. H., Jenkins, J. G., Steinbrenner, K., and Bent, D. H.. 1975. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, Toronto. 675 pp.Google Scholar
Oda, T. and Kuhlow, F.. 1973. Observations on mortality and follicle size of Culex pipiens pipiens in the course of hibernation. Tropenmed. Parasitol. 24: 373–378.Google Scholar
Oda, T. and Kuhlow, F.. 1976. Gonotrophic dissociation in Culex pipiens pipiens L. Tropenmed. Parasitol. 27: 101–105.Google Scholar
Rockstein, M. 1974. The Physiology of Insecta. 2nd ed. VI vol. Academic, N.Y.Google Scholar
Sanburg, L. L. and Larsen, J. R.. 1973. Effect of photoperiod and temperature on ovarian development in Culex pipiens pipiens. J. Insect Physiol. 19: 1173–1190.Google Scholar
Sokal, R. R. and Rohlf, F. J.. 1969. Biometry. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco. 776 pp.Google Scholar
Spielman, A. and Wong, J. A.. 1973 a. Environmental control of ovarian diapause in Culex pipiens. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 66: 905–907.Google Scholar
Spielman, A. and Wong, J. A.. 1973 b. Studies on autogeny in natural populations of Culex pipiens III. Mid-summer preparation for hibernation in autogenous populations. J. med. Ent. 10: 319–324.Google Scholar