Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T04:01:27.409Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

THE IDENTIFICATION AND ORIGIN OF THE STRAINS OF THE LARCH SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE), IN NORTH AMERICA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Horne R. Wong
Horne R. Wong
Affiliation:
Northern Forest Research Centre, Canadian Forestry Service, Edmonton, Alberta
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study identifies and presents a key to five strains of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig), which are designated Aweme, Fernie, Ambleside, Thirlmire, and Salzburg.

Aweme and Fernie strains occur only in North America and Salzburg strain is confined to Eurasia. Two Eurasian strains, Ambleside and Thirlmire, were accidentally introduced into Canada from England by 1913 among cocoons shipped for the release of the parasite Mesoleius tenthredinis Morley. It is postulated that the ancestors of Aweme-Salzburg strains Fernie–Thirlmire strains dispersed across the Bering Land Bridge into North America some time in the Miocene. These phyletic lines evolved into distinct Eurasian and North American strains. Early infestations in North America apparently consisted of North American strains, while later outbreaks have consisted primarily of the recently introduced Eurasian strains.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 106 , Issue 11 , November 1974 , pp. 1121 - 1131
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1974

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ball, G. E. 1963. The distribution of the species of the subgenus Cryobius (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Pterostichus) with special reference to the Bering Land Bridge and Pleistocene refugia, pp. 133–151. In Gressitt, J. L. (Ed.), Pacific Basin biogeography. Proc. Tenth Pacif. Sci. Congr. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu.Google Scholar
Bracken, D. F. and Martineau, R.. 1960. A new outbreak of the larch sawfly in Quebec. Bi-mon. Prog. Rep. 16(6): 1.Google Scholar
Coppel, H. C. and Leius, K.. 1955. History of the larch sawfly, with notes on origin and biology. Can. Ent. 87: 103–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coppel, H. C. and Leius, K.. 1958. Morphological variations in populations of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), from Canada, Great Britain and Japan. Proc. Tenth int. Congr. Ent. (1956), Vol. I, pp. 231–238.Google Scholar
Cresson, E. T. 1880. Description of new North American Hymenoptera in the collection of the Entomological Society. Trans. Am. ent. Soc. 8: 7.Google Scholar
Criddle, N. 1928. The introduction and establishment of the larch sawfly parasite, Mesoleius tenthredinis Morley, into southern Manitoba (Hymen.). Can. Ent. 60: 51–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drooz, A. T. 1957. The importance of Mesoleius tenthredinis Mor., a parasite of the larch sawfly in New York State. J. econ. Ent. 50: 212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, S. A. 1956. The larch sawfly in the Lake States. Forest Sci. 2: 132–160.Google Scholar
Heron, R. J. 1971. Temperature tolerance of pronymphs and pupae of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Can. Ent. 103: 1153–1155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heron, R. J. 1972. Differences in postdiapause development among geographically distinct populations of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Can. Ent. 104: 1307–1312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hewitt, C. G. 1912. The large larch sawfly (Nematus erichsonii) with an account of its parasites, other natural enemies and means of control. Ent. Bull. Can. Dep. Agric., No. 5. 24 pp.Google Scholar
Hewitt, C. G. 1917. The introduction into Canada of the ichneumon fly, Mesoleius tenthredinis, a parasitic enemy of the larch sawfly, Nematus erichsonii. Agric. Gaz. Can. 4: 355–357.Google Scholar
Hopkins, D. M. 1959. Cenozoic history of the Bering Land Bridge. Science 129: 1519–1528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopping, G. R., Leech, H. B., and Morgan, C. V. G.. 1943. The larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig) in British Columbia, with special reference to the cocoon parasites Mesoleius tenthredinis Morley and Tritneptis klugii (Ratzeburg). Scient. Agric. 24: 53–63.Google Scholar
Lejeune, R. R. and Hildahl, V.. 1954. A survey of parasites of the larch sawfly (Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig)) in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Can. Ent. 86: 337–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maw, M. G. 1960. Notes on the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), in Great Britain. Ent. Gaz. 11: 43–49.Google Scholar
McLeod, J. H. 1952. Notes on the population and parasitism of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), in British Columbia. Proc. ent. Soc. Br. Columb. 48: 81–85.Google Scholar
Muldrew, J. A. 1953. The natural immunity of the larch sawfly Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) to the introduced parasite Mesoleius tenthredinis Morley, in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Can. J. Zool. 31: 313–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muldrew, J. A. 1955. Parasites and insect predators of the larch sawfly. Can. Ent. 87: 117–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muldrew, J. A. 1965. The biological control program against the larch sawfly. Proc. North Central Br. ent. Soc. Am. 20: 157.Google Scholar
Munroe, E. G. 1963. Perspectives in biogeography. Can. Ent. 95: 299–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nairn, L. D., Reeks, W. A., Webb, F. E., and Hildahl, V.. 1962. History of larch sawfly outbreaks and their effect on tamarack stands in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Can. Ent. 94: 242–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pschorn-Walcher, H. and Eichhorn, O.. 1963. Investigations on the ecology and natural control of the larch sawfly (Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.)) (Hym., Tenthredinidae) in central Europe. I. Abundance, life history and ecology of P. erichsonii and other sawflies on larch. Tech. Bull. Commonw. Inst. biol. Control, 3: 51–82.Google Scholar
Pschorn-Walcher, H. and Zinnert, K. D.. 1971. Investigations on the ecology and natural control of the larch sawfly (Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), Hym.:Tenthredinidae) in central Europe. II. Natural enemies: their biology and ecology and their role as mortality factors in P. erichsonii. Tech. Bull. Commonw. Inst. biol. Control 14: 1–50.Google Scholar
Reeks, W. A. 1954. An outbreak of the larch sawfly (Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.)) in the Maritime Provinces (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) and the role of parasites in its control. Can. Ent. 86: 471–480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruppel, D. H. 1958. A brief history of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) in British Columbia. Proc. ent. Soc. Br. Columb. 55: 32–35.Google Scholar
Smith, E. L. 1968. Biosystematics and morphology of Symphyta. I. Stem-galling Euura of the California Region, and a new female genitalic nomenclature. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 61: 1389–1407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. G. 1955. Cytogenetics of obligatory parthenogenesis. Can. Ent. 87: 131–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turnock, W. J. 1960. Ecological life-history of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Can. Ent. 92: 500–516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turnock, W. J. 1972. Geographical and historical variability in population patterns and life systems of the larch sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Can. Ent. 104: 1883–1900.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wardle, R. A. 1914. Preliminary observations upon the life histories of Zenillia pexops B. & B., and Hypamblys albopictus Grav. J. econ. Biol. 9: 85–104.Google Scholar
Wolfe, J. A. and Leopold, E. B.. 1967. Neogene and early Quaternary vegetation of northwestern North America and northeastern Asia, pp. 193–206. In Hopkins, D. M. (Ed.), The Bering Land Bridge. Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Wong, H. R. 1960 (unpub.). Evolution of the sawfly genus Pristiphora. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana.Google Scholar
Wong, H. R. 1963. The external morphology of the adults and ultimate larval instar of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Can. Ent. 95: 897–921.CrossRefGoogle Scholar