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HEAT UNITS AND OUTBREAKS OF THE FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

W. G. H. Ives
W. G. H. Ives
Affiliation:
Northern Forest Research Centre, Canadian Forestry Service, Edmonton, Alberta
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Abstract

The numbers of heat units during a fixed overwintering period and a shifting early larval feeding period for the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner, were calculated from daily temperature data and related to known infestations of this insect in the Prairie Provinces and Ontario. Paired comparisons showed that years with increasing populations had cooler overwintering periods and warmer early feeding periods than did those with decreasing populations. Continuous records for each of 10 climatological stations showed that all known infestations in these areas were preceded by a single year (2 to 4 years earlier) with a relatively cool winter and an unusually warm spring, and that most population collapses were accompanied by cool springs and some by warm winters. The same general pattern prevailed for infestations in southern Ontario, when compared with the numbers of heat units at Toronto for the period 1860 to 1969. Some of the assumptions made during the analyses and the possible use of the results in predicting when and where outbreaks are likely to occur are discussed.

Résumé

A partir des températures enregistrées quotidiennement, les nombres d’unités thermiques nécessaires au premier stade larvaire de la Livrée des forêts (Malacosoma disstria Hübner) au cours d’une hivernation déterminée et d’une période variable de nutrition, ont été calculés puis reliés avec les infestations connues de l’insecte dans les Prairies et l’Ontario. Des comparaisons par paires ont montré que les années de pullulement comportaient des hivernations plus froides et des périodes de nutrition initiale plus chaudes que les années de dépopulation. Les rapports constants pour 10 stations météorologiques ont montré que toutes les infestations connues dans ces régions avaient été précédées d’une seule année infestations connues dans ces régions avaient été précédés d’une seule année (2 à 4 ans auparavant) comportant un hiver relativement frais et un printemps exceptionnellement chaud, et que la majorité des chutes de population s’accompagnaient de printemps frais, quelques unes d’hivers chauds. Comparé avec les nombres d’unités thermiques enregistrés à Toronto pour la période de 1860 à 1969, le même contexte général prévalait pour les infestations enregistrées dans le sud de l’Ontario. Discussion de certaines des suppositions faites au cours des analyses ainsi que de l’application éventuelle des résultats à la prédiction des lieux et moments où les infestations sont susceptibles de se produire.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 105 , Issue 4 , April 1973 , pp. 529 - 543
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1973

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