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GENERIC REVISION OF THE CLINOCERINAE (EMPIDIDAE), AND DESCRIPTION AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF THE TRICHOPEZINAE, NEW STATUS (DIPTERA: EMPIDOIDEA)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Bradley J. Sinclair
Bradley J. Sinclair
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
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Abstract

Sixteen genera are recognized in the Clinocerinae (Diptera: Empididae): Dipsomyia Bezzi, Proagomyia Collin, Asymphyloptera Collin, Proclinopyga Melander, Rhyacodromia Saigusa, Trichoclinocera Collin, Clinocera Meigen, Oreothalia Melander, Roederiodes Coquillett, Clinocerella Engel, new status, Hypenella Collin, Kowarzia Mik, Dolichocephala Macquart, Phaeobalia Mik, Bergenstammia Mik, and Wiedemannia Zetterstedt. The subgenera of Clinocera are no longer recognized and the genus is divided into six tentative informal species groups. The following new generic synonyms are proposed: Hydrodromia Macquart = Clinocera; Archiclinocera Frey and Hypoclinocera Frey = Kowarzia; Lamposoma Becker, Fur Garrett Jones, and Obstinocephala Garrett Jones = Dolichocephala. A key to genera is provided for the identification of adult specimens of Clinocerinae, all genera are described, several lectotypes are designated, and male and female terminalia are illustrated. A world list of species is included for each genus, identifying new combinations. Cladistic relationships of the genera of the Clinocerinae are presented.

Zanclotus Wilder is transferred from the Clinocerinae to the Oreogetoninae. Dryodromia Rondani, also formerly in Clinocerinae, is considered to be most closely related to Hesperempis Melander, both of which are hypothesized to share apomorphies with the Empidinae + Hemerodromiinae. The genera Boreodromia Coquillett, Ceratempis Melander, Ephydrempis Saigusa, Niphogenia Melander, Sabroskyella Wilder, and Trichopeza Rondani also are removed from the Clinocerinae and transferred to the subfamily Trichopezinae, new status. In addition, Apalocnemis Philippi, Gloma Meigen, Hyperperacera Collin (all formerly in Oreogetoninae) and Heleodromia Haliday (formerly in Hemerodromiinae) are transferred to the Trichopezinae. Heterophlebus Philippi (formerly in Oreogetoninae) and Rubistella Garrett Jones (formerly in Brachystomatinae) are removed from synonymy and also transferred to the Trichopezinae. This subfamily is described, and the phylogenetic relationships and.geographic distribution of the included genera are discussed. The Trichopezinae is considered most closely related to the Brachystomatinae (exclusive of Homalocnemis Philippi) and Ceratomerinae. These three subfamilies are hypothesized to represent the sister group to the Microphorinae + Dolichopodidae.

Résumé

Seize genres sont reconnus au sein de la sous-famille des Clinocerinae (Diptera : Empididae) : Dipsomyia Bezzi, Proagomyia Collin, Asymphyloptera Collin, Proclinopyga Melander, Rhyacodromia Saigusa, Trichoclinocera Collin, Clinocera Meigen, Oreothalia Melander, Roederiodes Coquillett, Clinocerella Engel, nouveau statut, Hypenella Collin, Kowarzia Mik, Dolichocephala Macquart, Phaeobalia Mik, Bergenstammia Mik et Wiedemannia Zetterstedt. Les sous-genres de Clinocera ne sont plus reconnus et le genre est divisé provisoirement en six groupes informels d’espèces. Les synonymies suivantes sont proposées : Hydrodromia Macquart = Clinocera, Archiclinocera Frey et Hypoclinocera Frey = Kowarzia, Lamposoma Becker, Fur Garrett Jones et Obstinocephala Garrett Jones = Dolichocephala. Une clé des genres permettra de distinguer les adultes des Clinocerinae; tous les genres sont décrits, plusieurs lectotypes sont désignés et les pièces génitales des mâles et des femelles sont illustrées. Pour chaque genre, une liste des espèces à l’échelle mondiale tient compte des nouvelles combinaisons. Les résultats de l’analyse des relations cladistiques des genres de Clinocerinae sont présentés ici.

Zanclotus Wilder est transféré des Clinocerinae aux Oreogetoninae. Dryodromia Rondani, également un ancien Clinocerinae, se rapproche surtout d’Hesperempis Melander, et les deux genres semblent partagé des apomorphies avec les Empidinae + Hemerodromiinae. Les genres Boreodromia Coquillett, Ceratempis Melander, Ephydrempis Saigusa, Niphogenia Melander, Sabroskyella Wilder et Trichopeza Rondani sont également transférés des Clinocerinae à la sous-famille des Trichopezinae, nouveau statut. De plus, Apalocnemis Philippi, Gloma Meigen, Hyperperacera Collin (autrefois des Oreogetoninae) et Heleodromia Haliday (autrefois un Hemerodromiinae) sont transférés aux Trichopezinae. Heterophlebus Philippi (autrefois dans les Oreogetoninae) et Rubistella Garrett Jones (autrefois chez les Brachystomatinae) ont leur statut rétabli et sont également transférés aux Trichopezinae. La nouvelle sous-famille est décrite et les relations phylogénétiques entre les genres de même que leurs répartitions géographiques respectives sont examinées. La nouvelle sous-famille se rapproche surtout des Brachystomatinae (à l’exception d’Homalocnemis Philippi) et des Ceratomerinae. On suppose que les trois sous-familles constituent le groupe soeur des Microphorinae + Dolichopodidae.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

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The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 127 , Issue 5 , October 1995 , pp. 665 - 752
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Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1995

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